Papers › Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition via Attention Aggregation based...
Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition via Attention Aggregation based Bi-directional Mutual Learning
Xiaohang Bian, Bo Qin, Xiaozhe Xin, Jianwu Li, Xuefeng Su, Yanfeng Wang
Handwritten mathematical expression recognition aims to automatically generate LaTeX sequences from given images. Currently, attention-based encoder-decoder models are widely used in this task. They typically generate target sequences in a left-to-right (L2R) manner, leaving the right-to-left (R2L) contexts unexploited. In this paper, we propose an Attention aggregation based Bi-directional Mutual learning Network (ABM) which consists of one shared encoder and two parallel inverse decoders (L2R and R2L). The two decoders are enhanced via mutual distillation, which involves one-to-one knowledge transfer at each training step, making full use of the complementary information from two inverse directions. Moreover, in order to deal with mathematical symbols in diverse scales, an Attention Aggregation Module (AAM) is proposed to effectively integrate multi-scale coverage attentions. Notably, in the inference phase, given that the model already learns knowledge from two inverse directions, we only use the L2R branch for inference, keeping the original parameter size and inference speed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves the recognition accuracy of 56.85 % on CROHME 2014, 52.92 % on CROHME 2016, and 53.96 % on CROHME 2019 without data augmentation and model ensembling, substantially outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. The source code is available in https://github.com/XH-B/ABM.
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Handwritten Mathmatical Expression Recognition | CROHME 2014 | ABM | ExpRate | 56.85 | #10 of 17 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Handwritten Mathmatical Expression Recognition | CROHME 2016 | ABM | ExpRate | 52.92 | #11 of 16 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Handwritten Mathmatical Expression Recognition | CROHME 2019 | ABM | ExpRate | 53.96 | #10 of 14 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Handwritten Mathmatical Expression Recognition | HME100K | ABM | ExpRate | 65.93 | #9 of 12 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
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