Papers › Golden rhythms as a theoretical framework for cross-frequency organization

Golden rhythms as a theoretical framework for cross-frequency organization

18 Nov 2021arXiv:2111.09953archive 2025-07-28

Mark A. Kramer

While brain rhythms appear fundamental to brain function, why brain rhythms consistently organize into the small set of discrete frequency bands observed remains unknown. Here we propose that rhythms separated by factors of the golden ratio (ϕ=(1+ √(5))/2) optimally support segregation and cross-frequency integration of information transmission in the brain. Organized by the golden ratio, pairs of transient rhythms support multiplexing by reducing interference between separate communication channels, and triplets of transient rhythms support integration of signals to establish a hierarchy of cross-frequency interactions. We illustrate this framework in simulation and apply this framework to propose four hypotheses.

PaperPDFCode

Code

mark-kramer/golden-framework officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHub report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

Not run by Syntology. Nothing on this page verifies that the listed code works.

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections