Papers › GIT: A Generative Image-to-text Transformer for Vision and Language
GIT: A Generative Image-to-text Transformer for Vision and Language
27 May 2022arXiv:2205.14100archive 2025-07-28
JianFeng Wang, Zhengyuan Yang, Xiaowei Hu, Linjie Li, Kevin Lin, Zhe Gan, Zicheng Liu, Ce Liu, Lijuan Wang
In this paper, we design and train a Generative Image-to-text Transformer, GIT, to unify vision-language tasks such as image/video captioning and question answering. While generative models provide a consistent network architecture between pre-training and fine-tuning, existing work typically contains complex structures (uni/multi-modal encoder/decoder) and depends on external modules such as object detectors/taggers and optical character recognition (OCR). In GIT, we simplify the architecture as one image encoder and one text decoder under a single language modeling task. We also scale up the pre-training data and the model size to boost the model performance. Without bells and whistles, our GIT establishes new state of the arts on 12 challenging benchmarks with a large margin. For instance, our model surpasses the human performance for the first time on TextCaps (138.2 vs. 125.5 in CIDEr). Furthermore, we present a new scheme of generation-based image classification and scene text recognition, achieving decent performance on standard benchmarks. Codes are released at \url{https://github.com/microsoft/GenerativeImage2Text}.
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Code
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Code Syntology ran Syntology
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
| Image Captioning |
COCO Captions |
GIT |
BLEU-4 |
44.1 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
COCO Captions |
GIT |
CIDER |
151.1 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
COCO Captions |
GIT |
METEOR |
32.2 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
COCO Captions |
GIT |
SPICE |
26.3 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
B1 |
88.1 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
B2 |
74.81 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
B3 |
57.68 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
B4 |
37.35 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
CIDEr |
123.39 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
METEOR |
32.5 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
63.12 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps entire |
GIT, Single Model |
SPICE |
15.94 |
#2 of 39 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B1 |
88.86 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B2 |
75.86 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B3 |
59.94 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B4 |
41.1 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
CIDEr |
124.18 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
METEOR |
33.83 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
63.82 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
SPICE |
16.36 |
#2 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B1 |
88.55 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B2 |
76.1 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B3 |
60.53 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B4 |
41.65 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
CIDEr |
122.4 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
METEOR |
33.41 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
64.02 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps in-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
SPICE |
16.18 |
#3 of 41 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B1 |
88.9 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B2 |
75.86 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B3 |
58.9 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B4 |
38.95 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
CIDEr |
125.51 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
METEOR |
32.95 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
63.66 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
SPICE |
16.11 |
#1 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B1 |
88.56 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B2 |
75.48 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B3 |
58.46 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B4 |
38.44 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
CIDEr |
123.92 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
METEOR |
32.86 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
63.5 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps near-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
SPICE |
15.96 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B1 |
86.28 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B2 |
71.15 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B3 |
52.36 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
B4 |
30.15 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
CIDEr |
122.27 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
METEOR |
30.15 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
60.91 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT2, Single Model |
SPICE |
15.62 |
#2 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B1 |
85.99 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B2 |
71.28 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B3 |
52.66 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
B4 |
30.04 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
CIDEr |
122.04 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
METEOR |
30.45 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
ROUGE-L |
60.96 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps out-of-domain |
GIT, Single Model |
SPICE |
15.7 |
#3 of 40 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
B1 |
88.43 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
B2 |
75.02 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
B3 |
57.87 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
B4 |
37.65 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
CIDEr |
124.77 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
METEOR |
32.56 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
ROUGE-L |
63.19 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT2 |
SPICE |
16.06 |
#1 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
B1 |
88.1 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
B2 |
74.81 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
B3 |
57.68 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
B4 |
37.35 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
CIDEr |
123.39 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
METEOR |
32.5 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
ROUGE-L |
63.12 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD entire |
GIT |
SPICE |
15.94 |
#2 of 12 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
B1 |
88.86 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
B2 |
75.86 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
B3 |
59.94 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
B4 |
41.1 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
CIDEr |
124.18 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
METEOR |
33.83 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
ROUGE-L |
63.82 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT2 |
SPICE |
16.36 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
B1 |
88.55 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
B2 |
76.1 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
B3 |
60.53 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
B4 |
41.65 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
CIDEr |
122.4 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
METEOR |
33.41 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
ROUGE-L |
64.02 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD in-domain |
GIT |
SPICE |
16.18 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
B1 |
88.9 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
B2 |
75.86 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
B3 |
58.9 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
B4 |
38.95 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
CIDEr |
125.51 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
METEOR |
32.95 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
ROUGE-L |
63.66 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT2 |
SPICE |
16.11 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
B1 |
88.56 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
B2 |
75.48 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
B3 |
58.46 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
B4 |
38.44 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
CIDEr |
123.92 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
METEOR |
32.86 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
ROUGE-L |
63.5 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD near-domain |
GIT |
SPICE |
15.96 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
B1 |
86.28 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
B2 |
71.15 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
B3 |
52.36 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
B4 |
30.15 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
CIDEr |
122.27 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
METEOR |
30.15 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
ROUGE-L |
60.91 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT2 |
SPICE |
15.62 |
#1 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
B1 |
85.99 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
B2 |
71.28 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
B3 |
52.66 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
B4 |
30.04 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
CIDEr |
122.04 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
METEOR |
30.45 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
ROUGE-L |
60.96 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Image Captioning |
nocaps-XD out-of-domain |
GIT |
SPICE |
15.7 |
#2 of 11 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Video Captioning |
MSR-VTT |
GIT2 |
BLEU-4 |
54.8 |
#3 of 24 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Video Captioning |
MSR-VTT |
GIT2 |
CIDEr |
75.9 |
#3 of 24 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Video Captioning |
MSR-VTT |
GIT2 |
GS |
201.6 |
#3 of 24 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Video Captioning |
MSR-VTT |
GIT2 |
METEOR |
33.1 |
#3 of 24 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Video Captioning |
MSR-VTT |
GIT2 |
ROUGE-L |
68.2 |
#3 of 24 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
| Visual Question Answering (VQA) |
MSVD-QA |
GIT |
Accuracy |
0.568 |
#9 of 36 |
Archive leaderboard |
report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
Methods
Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections