Papers › Federated Distributed Key Generation
Federated Distributed Key Generation
Stanislaw Baranski, Julian Szymanski
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Distributed Key Generation (DKG) underpins threshold cryptography in many systems, including decentralized wallets, validator key ceremonies, cross-chain bridges, threshold signatures, secure multiparty computation, and internet voting. Classical (t,n)-DKG assumes a fixed group of n parties and a global threshold t, requiring full and timely participation. When actual participation deviates, the setup must abort or restart, which is impractical in open or time-critical environments where n is large and availability unpredictable. We introduce Federated Distributed Key Generation (FDKG), inspired by Federated Byzantine Agreement, that makes participation optional and trust heterogeneous. Each participant selects a personal guardian set Gᵢ of size k and a local threshold t. Its partial secret can later be reconstructed either by itself or by any t of its guardians. FDKG generalizes PVSS-based DKG and completes both generation and reconstruction in a single broadcast round each, with total communication proportional to n k and at most O(n²) for reconstruction. Our analysis shows that (i) generation ensures correctness, privacy, and robustness under standard PVSS-based DKG assumptions, and (ii) reconstruction provides liveness and privacy characterized by the guardian-set topology {Gᵢ}. Liveness holds if no participant i is corrupted together with at least k-t+1 of its guardians. Conversely, privacy is preserved unless the corrupted subset is itself reconstruction-capable.
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