Papers › Exploring Dark Photon Production and Kinetic Mixing Constraints in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Exploring Dark Photon Production and Kinetic Mixing Constraints in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Adrian William Romero Jorge, Elena Bratkovskaya, Taesoo Song, Laura Sagunski
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Vector U-bosons, often referred to as 'dark photons', are potential candidates for mediating dark matter interactions. In this study, we outline a procedure to derive theoretical constraints on the upper bound of the kinetic mixing parameter ϵ²(M_U) using dilepton data from heavy-ion from SIS to RHIC energies. The analysis is based on the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport model, which successfully reproduces the measured dilepton spectra in p+p, p+A, and A+A collisions. Besides the dilepton channels resulting from interactions and decays of Standard Model particles (such as mesons and baryons), we extend the PHSD approach to include the decay of hypothetical U-bosons into dileptons, U →e^+ e^-. The production of these U-bosons occurs via Dalitz decays of pions, η-mesons, ω-mesons, Delta resonances, as well as from the decays of vector mesons and K^+ mesons. This analysis provides an upper limit on ϵ²(M_U) and offers insights into the accuracy required for future experimental searches for dark photons through dilepton experiments.
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