Papers › Exploration of oxyfluoride frameworks as Na-ion cathodes

Exploration of oxyfluoride frameworks as Na-ion cathodes

13 May 2024arXiv:2405.07614links table onlyarchive 2025-07-28

Debolina Deb, Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam

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Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are increasingly looked at as a viable alternative to Li-ion batteries due to the abundance, low cost, and thermal stability of Na-based systems. To improve the practical utilization of NIBs in applications, it is important to boost the energy and power densities of the electrodes being used, via discovery of novel candidate materials. Thus, we explore the chemical space of transition metal containing oxyfluorides (TMOFs) that adopt the perovskite structure as possible NIB electrodes. Our choice of the perovskite structure is motivated by the `large' cationic tunnels that can accommodate Na^+, while the chemistry of TMOFs is motivated by the high electronegativity and inductive effect of F^-, which can possibly lead to higher voltages. We use density functional theory based calculations to estimate the ground state polymorphs, average Na (de)intercalation voltages, thermodynamic stabilities and Na^+ mobility on two distinct sets of compositions: the F-rich NaₓMOF₂, and the O-rich Na₁₊ₓMO₂F where x = 0--1 and M~=~Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni. Upon identifying the ground state polymorphs in the charged compositions (i.e., MOF₂ and NaMO₂F), we show that F-rich perovskites exhibit higher average voltages compared to O-rich perovskites. Also, we find six stable/metastable perovskites in the F-rich space, while all O-rich perovskites (except NaTiO₂F) are unstable. Finally, our Na-ion mobility calculations indicate that TiOF₂-NaTiOF₂, VOF₂-NaVOF₂, CrOF₂, and NaMnOF₂ can be promising compositions for experimental exploration as NIB cathodes, primarily if used in a strained electrode configuration and/or thin film batteries. Our computational approach and findings provide insights into developing practical NIBs involving fluorine-containing intercalation frameworks.

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