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Can ChatGPT Replace Traditional KBQA Models? An In-depth Analysis of the Question Answering Performance of the GPT LLM Family

14 Mar 2023arXiv:2303.07992archive 2025-07-28

Yiming Tan, Dehai Min, Yu Li, Wenbo Li, Nan Hu, Yongrui Chen, Guilin Qi

ChatGPT is a powerful large language model (LLM) that covers knowledge resources such as Wikipedia and supports natural language question answering using its own knowledge. Therefore, there is growing interest in exploring whether ChatGPT can replace traditional knowledge-based question answering (KBQA) models. Although there have been some works analyzing the question answering performance of ChatGPT, there is still a lack of large-scale, comprehensive testing of various types of complex questions to analyze the limitations of the model. In this paper, we present a framework that follows the black-box testing specifications of CheckList proposed by Ribeiro et. al. We evaluate ChatGPT and its family of LLMs on eight real-world KB-based complex question answering datasets, which include six English datasets and two multilingual datasets. The total number of test cases is approximately 190,000. In addition to the GPT family of LLMs, we also evaluate the well-known FLAN-T5 to identify commonalities between the GPT family and other LLMs. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/tan92hl/Complex-Question-Answering-Evaluation-of-GPT-family.git

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Code

tan92hl/complex-question-answering-evaluation-of-chatgpt officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchGPL-3.0 report
tan92hl/complex-question-answering-evaluation-of-gpt-family officialmentioned in paperpytorchGPL-3.0 report

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Tasks

Knowledge Base Question AnsweringLanguage ModelingLanguage ModellingLarge Language ModelNatural Language UnderstandingQuestion AnsweringSemantic Parsing

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Question Answering GraphQuestions ChatGPT Accuracy 53.1 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering KQA Pro ChatGPT Accuracy 47.93 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering WebQuestionsSP ChatGPT Accuracy 83.7 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

AdamAttentionAttention DropoutBPECosine AnnealingDense ConnectionsDiscriminative Fine-TuningDropoutFlan-T5GPTGPT-3Layer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Cosine AnnealingMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTestWeight Decay

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