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ERNIE-GEN: An Enhanced Multi-Flow Pre-training and Fine-tuning Framework for Natural Language Generation

26 Jan 2020arXiv:2001.11314archive 2025-07-28

Dongling Xiao, Han Zhang, Yukun Li, Yu Sun, Hao Tian, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang

Current pre-training works in natural language generation pay little attention to the problem of exposure bias on downstream tasks. To address this issue, we propose an enhanced multi-flow sequence to sequence pre-training and fine-tuning framework named ERNIE-GEN, which bridges the discrepancy between training and inference with an infilling generation mechanism and a noise-aware generation method. To make generation closer to human writing patterns, this framework introduces a span-by-span generation flow that trains the model to predict semantically-complete spans consecutively rather than predicting word by word. Unlike existing pre-training methods, ERNIE-GEN incorporates multi-granularity target sampling to construct pre-training data, which enhances the correlation between encoder and decoder. Experimental results demonstrate that ERNIE-GEN achieves state-of-the-art results with a much smaller amount of pre-training data and parameters on a range of language generation tasks, including abstractive summarization (Gigaword and CNN/DailyMail), question generation (SQuAD), dialogue generation (Persona-Chat) and generative question answering (CoQA).

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Code

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Tasks

Abstractive Text SummarizationDecoderDialogue GenerationGenerative Question AnsweringQuestion GenerationQuestion-GenerationText GenerationText Summarization

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-1 44.31 #15 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-2 21.35 #15 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-L 41.60 #15 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-1 44.02 #20 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-2 21.17 #20 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-L 41.26 #20 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-1 42.30 #26 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-2 19.92 #26 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-L 39.68 #26 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Generative Question Answering CoQA ERNIE-GEN F1-Score 84.5 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation SQuAD1.1 ERNIE-GENLARGE (beam size=5) BLEU-4 25.41 #1 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-1 39.46 #10 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-2 20.34 #10 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-L 36.74 #10 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-1 39.25 #13 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-2 20.25 #13 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-L 36.53 #13 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-1 38.83 #19 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-2 20.04 #19 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-L 36.20 #19 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-1 35.51 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-2 16.79 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENLARGE (large-scale text corpora) ROUGE-L 33.23 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-1 35.05 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-2 16.10 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENLARGE ROUGE-L 32.50 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-1 33.75 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-2 15.23 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord-10k ERNIE-GENBASE ROUGE-L 31.35 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Introduced by this paper: ERNIE-GEN

ERNIE-GEN

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