Papers › EGC: Image Generation and Classification via a Diffusion Energy-Based Model

EGC: Image Generation and Classification via a Diffusion Energy-Based Model

4 Apr 2023ICCV 2023 1arXiv:2304.02012archive 2025-07-28

Qiushan Guo, Chuofan Ma, Yi Jiang, Zehuan Yuan, Yizhou Yu, Ping Luo

Learning image classification and image generation using the same set of network parameters is a challenging problem. Recent advanced approaches perform well in one task often exhibit poor performance in the other. This work introduces an energy-based classifier and generator, namely EGC, which can achieve superior performance in both tasks using a single neural network. Unlike a conventional classifier that outputs a label given an image (i.e., a conditional distribution p(y|𝐱)), the forward pass in EGC is a classifier that outputs a joint distribution p(𝐱,y), enabling an image generator in its backward pass by marginalizing out the label y. This is done by estimating the energy and classification probability given a noisy image in the forward pass, while denoising it using the score function estimated in the backward pass. EGC achieves competitive generation results compared with state-of-the-art approaches on ImageNet-1k, CelebA-HQ and LSUN Church, while achieving superior classification accuracy and robustness against adversarial attacks on CIFAR-10. This work represents the first successful attempt to simultaneously excel in both tasks using a single set of network parameters. We believe that EGC bridges the gap between discriminative and generative learning.

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