Papers › ECO: Efficient Convolution Operators for Tracking

ECO: Efficient Convolution Operators for Tracking

28 Nov 2016CVPR 2017 7arXiv:1611.09224archive 2025-07-28

Martin Danelljan, Goutam Bhat, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Michael Felsberg

In recent years, Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) based methods have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in tracking. However, in the pursuit of ever increasing tracking performance, their characteristic speed and real-time capability have gradually faded. Further, the increasingly complex models, with massive number of trainable parameters, have introduced the risk of severe over-fitting. In this work, we tackle the key causes behind the problems of computational complexity and over-fitting, with the aim of simultaneously improving both speed and performance. We revisit the core DCF formulation and introduce: (i) a factorized convolution operator, which drastically reduces the number of parameters in the model; (ii) a compact generative model of the training sample distribution, that significantly reduces memory and time complexity, while providing better diversity of samples; (iii) a conservative model update strategy with improved robustness and reduced complexity. We perform comprehensive experiments on four benchmarks: VOT2016, UAV123, OTB-2015, and TempleColor. When using expensive deep features, our tracker provides a 20-fold speedup and achieves a 13.0% relative gain in Expected Average Overlap compared to the top ranked method in the VOT2016 challenge. Moreover, our fast variant, using hand-crafted features, operates at 60 Hz on a single CPU, while obtaining 65.0% AUC on OTB-2015.

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Code

fengyang95/pyCFTrackers mentioned on GitHub report
martin-danelljan/ECO mentioned on GitHubpytorchGPL-3.0 report

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Tasks

DiversityVisual Object Tracking

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Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Visual Object Tracking TrackingNet ECO Accuracy 56.13 #36 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Object Tracking TrackingNet ECO Normalized Precision 62.14 #36 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Object Tracking TrackingNet ECO Precision 48.86 #36 of 40 Archive leaderboard report
Visual Object Tracking VOT2017/18 ECO Expected Average Overlap (EAO) 0.280 #13 of 15 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

SPEED

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