Papers › Earth as a transducer for axion dark-matter detection
Earth as a transducer for axion dark-matter detection
Ariel Arza, Michael A. Fedderke, Peter W. Graham, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Saarik Kalia
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We demonstrate that ultralight axion dark matter with a coupling to photons induces an oscillating global terrestrial magnetic field signal in the presence of the background geomagnetic field of the Earth. This signal is similar in structure to that of dark-photon dark matter that was recently pointed out and searched for in [arXiv:2106.00022] and [arXiv:2108.08852]. It has a global vectorial pattern fixed by the Earth's geomagnetic field, is temporally coherent on long time scales, and has a frequency set by the axion mass mₐ. In this work, we both compute the detailed signal pattern, and undertake a search for this signal in magnetometer network data maintained by the SuperMAG Collaboration. Our analysis identifies no strong evidence for an axion dark-matter signal in the axion mass range 2×10⁻¹⁸eV ≲mₐ ≲7×10⁻¹⁷eV. Assuming the axion is all of the dark matter, we place constraints on the axion-photon coupling gₐᵧ in the same mass range; at their strongest, for masses 3×10⁻¹⁷eV ≲mₐ ≲4×10⁻¹⁷eV, these constraints are comparable to those obtained by the CAST helioscope.
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