Papers › Dynamical Evidence For a Fifth Force Explanation of the ATOMKI Nuclear Anomalies
Dynamical Evidence For a Fifth Force Explanation of the ATOMKI Nuclear Anomalies
Jonathan L. Feng, Tim M. P. Tait, Christopher B. Verhaaren
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Recent anomalies in ⁸Be and ⁴He nuclear decays can be explained by postulating a fifth force mediated by a new boson X. The distributions of both transitions are consistent with the same X mass, 17 MeV, providing kinematic evidence for a single new particle explanation. In this work, we examine whether the new results also provide dynamical evidence for a new particle explanation, that is, whether the observed decay rates of both anomalies can be described by a single hypothesis for the X boson's interactions. We consider the observed ⁸Be and ⁴He excited nuclei, as well as a ¹²C excited nucleus; together these span the possible Jᴾ quantum numbers up to spin 1. For each transition, we determine whether scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial vector X particles can mediate the decay, and we construct the leading operators in a nuclear physics effective field theory that describes them. Assuming parity conservation, the scalar case is excluded and the pseudoscalar case is highly disfavored. Remarkably, however, the protophobic vector gauge boson, first proposed to explain only the ⁸Be anomaly, also explains the ⁴He anomaly within experimental uncertainties. We predict signal rates for other closely related nuclear measurements, which, if confirmed, will provide overwhelming evidence that a fifth force has been discovered.
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