Papers › Diverse Temporal Aggregation and Depthwise Spatiotemporal Factorization for Efficient...

Diverse Temporal Aggregation and Depthwise Spatiotemporal Factorization for Efficient Video Classification

1 Dec 2020arXiv:2012.00317archive 2025-07-28

Youngwan Lee, Hyung-Il Kim, Kimin Yun, Jinyoung Moon

Video classification researches that have recently attracted attention are the fields of temporal modeling and 3D efficient architecture. However, the temporal modeling methods are not efficient or the 3D efficient architecture is less interested in temporal modeling. For bridging the gap between them, we propose an efficient temporal modeling 3D architecture, called VoV3D, that consists of a temporal one-shot aggregation (T-OSA) module and depthwise factorized component, D(2+1)D. The T-OSA is devised to build a feature hierarchy by aggregating temporal features with different temporal receptive fields. Stacking this T-OSA enables the network itself to model short-range as well as long-range temporal relationships across frames without any external modules. Inspired by kernel factorization and channel factorization, we also design a depthwise spatiotemporal factorization module, named, D(2+1)D that decomposes a 3D depthwise convolution into two spatial and temporal depthwise convolutions for making our network more lightweight and efficient. By using the proposed temporal modeling method (T-OSA), and the efficient factorized component (D(2+1)D), we construct two types of VoV3D networks, VoV3D-M and VoV3D-L. Thanks to its efficiency and effectiveness of temporal modeling, VoV3D-L has 6x fewer model parameters and 16x less computation, surpassing a state-of-the-art temporal modeling method on both Something-Something and Kinetics-400. Furthermore, VoV3D shows better temporal modeling ability than a state-of-the-art efficient 3D architecture, X3D having comparable model capacity. We hope that VoV3D can serve as a baseline for efficient video classification.

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Code

youngwanLEE/VoV3D officialmentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

3D ArchitectureAction RecognitionGeneral ClassificationVideo Classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) GFLOPs 20.9x6 #30 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Param. 5.8M #30 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top 1 Accuracy 54.59 #30 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top 5 Accuracy 82.30 #30 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) GFLOPs 11.5x6 #41 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Param. 3.3M #41 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top 1 Accuracy 52.68 #41 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top 5 Accuracy 80.43 #41 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 20.9x6 #51 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) Param. 5.8M #51 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) Top 1 Accuracy 50.6 #51 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) Top 5 Accuracy 78.7 #51 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 11.5x6 #53 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) Param. 3.3M #53 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) Top 1 Accuracy 49.8 #53 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) Top 5 Accuracy 78.0 #53 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 9.3x6 #57 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) Param. 5.8M #57 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) Top 1 Accuracy 49.5 #57 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) Top 5 Accuracy 78.0 #57 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 5.7x6 #63 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) Param. 3.3M #63 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) Top 1 Accuracy 48.1 #63 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V1 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) Top 5 Accuracy 76.9 #63 of 74 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) GFLOPs 20.9x6 #65 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Parameters 5.8M #65 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top-1 Accuracy 67.35 #65 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top-5 Accuracy 90.50 #65 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 20.9x6 #84 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) Parameters 5.8M #84 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) Top-1 Accuracy 65.8 #84 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (32frames, from scratch, single) Top-5 Accuracy 89.5 #84 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) GFLOPs 11.5x6 #89 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Parameters 3.3M #89 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top-1 Accuracy 65.24 #89 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, Kinetics pretrained, single) Top-5 Accuracy 89.48 #89 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 11.5x6 #95 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) Parameters 3.3M #95 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) Top-1 Accuracy 64.2 #95 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (32frames, from scratch, single) Top-5 Accuracy 88.8 #95 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 9.3x6 #96 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) Parameters 5.8M #96 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) Top-1 Accuracy 64.1 #96 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-L (16frames, from scratch, single) Top-5 Accuracy 88.6 #96 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) GFLOPs 5.7x6 #99 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) Parameters 3.3M #99 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) Top-1 Accuracy 63.2 #99 of 123 Archive leaderboard report
Action Recognition Something-Something V2 VoV3D-M (16frames, from scratch, single) Top-5 Accuracy 88.2 #99 of 123 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

1x1 ConvolutionBatch NormalizationConcatenated Skip ConnectionConvolutionDepthwise ConvolutionOne-Shot Aggregation

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