Papers › DirectPose: Direct End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimation

DirectPose: Direct End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimation

18 Nov 2019arXiv:1911.07451archive 2025-07-28

Zhi Tian, Hao Chen, Chunhua Shen

We propose the first direct end-to-end multi-person pose estimation framework, termed DirectPose. Inspired by recent anchor-free object detectors, which directly regress the two corners of target bounding-boxes, the proposed framework directly predicts instance-aware keypoints for all the instances from a raw input image, eliminating the need for heuristic grouping in bottom-up methods or bounding-box detection and RoI operations in top-down ones. We also propose a novel Keypoint Alignment (KPAlign) mechanism, which overcomes the main difficulty: lack of the alignment between the convolutional features and predictions in this end-to-end framework. KPAlign improves the framework's performance by a large margin while still keeping the framework end-to-end trainable. With the only postprocessing non-maximum suppression (NMS), our proposed framework can detect multi-person keypoints with or without bounding-boxes in a single shot. Experiments demonstrate that the end-to-end paradigm can achieve competitive or better performance than previous strong baselines, in both bottom-up and top-down methods. We hope that our end-to-end approach can provide a new perspective for the human pose estimation task.

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Code

IDEA-Research/UniPose mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
Pxtri2156/AdelaiDet_v2 mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
aim-uofa/AdelaiDet mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
aim-uofa/adet mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
blueardour/AdelaiDet mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
idea-research/x-pose mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
quangvy2703/ABCNet-ESRGAN-SRTEXT mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
zhaozhijie1997/Unifed-Lane-and-Traffic-Sign-detection mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
zhubinQAQ/Ins mentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report

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Tasks

Multi-Person Pose EstimationPose Estimation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Keypoint Detection COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) AP 64.8 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Keypoint Detection COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) AP50 87.8 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Keypoint Detection COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) AP75 71.1 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Keypoint Detection COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) APL 71.5 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Keypoint Detection COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) APM 60.4 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Pose Estimation COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) AP 63.3 #42 of 47 Archive leaderboard report
Pose Estimation COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) AP50 86.7 #42 of 47 Archive leaderboard report
Pose Estimation COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) AP75 69.4 #42 of 47 Archive leaderboard report
Pose Estimation COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) APL 71.2 #42 of 47 Archive leaderboard report
Pose Estimation COCO test-dev DirectPose (ResNet-101) APM 57.8 #42 of 47 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

1x1 ConvolutionAverage PoolingBatch NormalizationBottleneck Residual BlockConvolutionGlobal Average PoolingKaiming InitializationMax PoolingReLUResidual BlockResidual Connection

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