Papers › DeepWalk: Online Learning of Social Representations

DeepWalk: Online Learning of Social Representations

26 Mar 2014arXiv:1403.6652archive 2025-07-28

Bryan Perozzi, Rami Al-Rfou, Steven Skiena

We present DeepWalk, a novel approach for learning latent representations of vertices in a network. These latent representations encode social relations in a continuous vector space, which is easily exploited by statistical models. DeepWalk generalizes recent advancements in language modeling and unsupervised feature learning (or deep learning) from sequences of words to graphs. DeepWalk uses local information obtained from truncated random walks to learn latent representations by treating walks as the equivalent of sentences. We demonstrate DeepWalk's latent representations on several multi-label network classification tasks for social networks such as BlogCatalog, Flickr, and YouTube. Our results show that DeepWalk outperforms challenging baselines which are allowed a global view of the network, especially in the presence of missing information. DeepWalk's representations can provide F₁ scores up to 10% higher than competing methods when labeled data is sparse. In some experiments, DeepWalk's representations are able to outperform all baseline methods while using 60% less training data. DeepWalk is also scalable. It is an online learning algorithm which builds useful incremental results, and is trivially parallelizable. These qualities make it suitable for a broad class of real world applications such as network classification, and anomaly detection.

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Code

Syntology Ran 2 of 3 code samples harvested from 3 repositories linked to this paper; 1 has no recorded run. Of those that ran: 2 ran · our draft was wrong.

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14 repositories listed; official and paper-mentioned ones first.

Robotmurlock/Deepwalk-and-Node2vec mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
benedekrozemberczki/karateclub mentioned on GitHubGPL-3.0 report
gen3111620/DeepWalk mentioned on GitHub report
leihuayi/NetworkEmbedding mentioned on GitHubtf report
ninoxjy/graph-embedding mentioned on GitHubtf report
oj9040/GraphSAGE_RL mentioned on GitHubtf report
rforgione/deepwalk mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
syyunn/node2vec mentioned on GitHubMIT report
williamleif/GraphSAGE mentioned on GitHubtf report
zxhhh97/ABot mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report

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3 samples harvested; 2 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 1 has no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

2ran · our draft was wrong
1unverified

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random_walk_factory Robotmurlock/Deepwalk-and-Node2vec/shallow_encoders/graph/random_walk_generator.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong MIT (permissive) · bb422da5f51cae55 · report
sparse2graph phanein/deepwalk/example_graphs/scoring.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong licence not identified · pointer only · 941b18b4d5d1d711 · report
custom_doc_links rforgione/deepwalk/deepwalk/_nbdev.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · c00f1d9594b0678a · report

Tasks

Anomaly DetectionLanguage ModelingLanguage ModellingNode Classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Document Classification Cora DeepWalk Accuracy 67.2% #6 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-collab DeepWalk Ext. data No #25 of 34 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-collab DeepWalk Number of params 61390187 #25 of 34 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-collab DeepWalk Test Hits@50 0.5037 ± 0.0034 #25 of 34 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-collab DeepWalk Validation Hits@50 Please tell us #25 of 34 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ddi DeepWalk Ext. data No #28 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ddi DeepWalk Number of params 1543913 #28 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ddi DeepWalk Test Hits@20 0.2246 ± 0.0290 #28 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ddi DeepWalk Validation Hits@20 Please tell us #28 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ppa DeepWalk Ext. data No #23 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ppa DeepWalk Number of params 150138741 #23 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ppa DeepWalk Test Hits@100 0.2302 ± 0.0163 #23 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Link Property Prediction ogbl-ppa DeepWalk Validation Hits@100 Please tell us #23 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Node Classification Eximtradedata DeepWalk Accuracy 22.5% #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Node Classification Eximtradedata DeepWalk Macro-F1 0.214 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Node Classification Wikipedia DeepWalk Accuracy 19.4% #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Node Classification Wikipedia DeepWalk Macro-F1 0.183 #3 of 6 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Introduced by this paper: DeepWalk

DeepWalk

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