Papers › DeepSeek-Prover: Advancing Theorem Proving in LLMs through Large-Scale Synthetic Data

DeepSeek-Prover: Advancing Theorem Proving in LLMs through Large-Scale Synthetic Data

23 May 2024arXiv:2405.14333archive 2025-07-28

Huajian Xin, Daya Guo, Zhihong Shao, Zhizhou Ren, Qihao Zhu, Bo Liu, Chong Ruan, Wenda Li, Xiaodan Liang

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem proving is hindered by a lack of training data. To address this issue, we introduce an approach to generate extensive Lean 4 proof data derived from high-school and undergraduate-level mathematical competition problems. This approach involves translating natural language problems into formal statements, filtering out low-quality statements, and generating proofs to create synthetic data. After fine-tuning the DeepSeekMath 7B model on this synthetic dataset, which comprises 8 million formal statements with proofs, our model achieved whole-proof generation accuracies of 46.3% with 64 samples and 52% cumulatively on the Lean 4 miniF2F test, surpassing the baseline GPT-4 at 23.0% with 64 samples and a tree search reinforcement learning method at 41.0%. Additionally, our model successfully proved 5 out of 148 problems in the Lean 4 Formalized International Mathematical Olympiad (FIMO) benchmark, while GPT-4 failed to prove any. These results demonstrate the potential of leveraging large-scale synthetic data to enhance theorem-proving capabilities in LLMs. Both the synthetic dataset and the model will be made available to facilitate further research in this promising field.

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Tasks

Automated Theorem ProvingMathematical Reasoning

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Automated Theorem Proving miniF2F-test DeepSeek-Prover ITP Lean #5 of 29 Archive leaderboard report
Automated Theorem Proving miniF2F-test DeepSeek-Prover Pass@1 30.0 #5 of 29 Archive leaderboard report
Automated Theorem Proving miniF2F-test DeepSeek-Prover Pass@64 46.3 #5 of 29 Archive leaderboard report
Automated Theorem Proving miniF2F-test DeepSeek-Prover cumulative 52.0 #5 of 29 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutGPT-4Label SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformer

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