Papers › Deep Transformation-Invariant Clustering

Deep Transformation-Invariant Clustering

19 Jun 2020NeurIPS 2020 12arXiv:2006.11132archive 2025-07-28

Tom Monnier, Thibault Groueix, Mathieu Aubry

Recent advances in image clustering typically focus on learning better deep representations. In contrast, we present an orthogonal approach that does not rely on abstract features but instead learns to predict image transformations and performs clustering directly in image space. This learning process naturally fits in the gradient-based training of K-means and Gaussian mixture model, without requiring any additional loss or hyper-parameters. It leads us to two new deep transformation-invariant clustering frameworks, which jointly learn prototypes and transformations. More specifically, we use deep learning modules that enable us to resolve invariance to spatial, color and morphological transformations. Our approach is conceptually simple and comes with several advantages, including the possibility to easily adapt the desired invariance to the task and a strong interpretability of both cluster centers and assignments to clusters. We demonstrate that our novel approach yields competitive and highly promising results on standard image clustering benchmarks. Finally, we showcase its robustness and the advantages of its improved interpretability by visualizing clustering results over real photograph collections.

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Tasks

ClusteringImage ClusteringUnsupervised Image Classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Image Clustering Fashion-MNIST DTI-Clustering Accuracy 0.612 #10 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering Fashion-MNIST DTI-Clustering NMI 0.637 #10 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering MNIST-full DTI-Clustering Accuracy 0.979 #7 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering MNIST-full DTI-Clustering NMI 0.942 #7 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering MNIST-test DTI-Clustering Accuracy 0.978 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering MNIST-test DTI-Clustering NMI 0.947 #2 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering USPS DTI-Clustering Accuracy 0.864 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Image Clustering USPS DTI-Clustering NMI 0.882 #13 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Image Classification MNIST DTI-Clustering Accuracy 97.3 #4 of 10 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Image Classification SVHN DTI-Clustering # of clusters (k) 10 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Image Classification SVHN DTI-Clustering Acc 57.4 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Interpretability

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