Papers › Deep quantum neural networks equipped with backpropagation on a superconducting processor

Deep quantum neural networks equipped with backpropagation on a superconducting processor

5 Dec 2022arXiv:2212.02521links table onlyarchive 2025-07-28

Xiaoxuan Pan, Zhide Lu, Weiting Wang, Ziyue Hua, Yifang Xu, Weikang Li, Weizhou Cai, Xuegang Li, Haiyan Wang, Yi-Pu Song, Chang-Ling Zou, Dong-Ling Deng, Luyan Sun

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Deep learning and quantum computing have achieved dramatic progresses in recent years. The interplay between these two fast-growing fields gives rise to a new research frontier of quantum machine learning. In this work, we report the first experimental demonstration of training deep quantum neural networks via the backpropagation algorithm with a six-qubit programmable superconducting processor. In particular, we show that three-layer deep quantum neural networks can be trained efficiently to learn two-qubit quantum channels with a mean fidelity up to 96.0% and the ground state energy of molecular hydrogen with an accuracy up to 93.3% compared to the theoretical value. In addition, six-layer deep quantum neural networks can be trained in a similar fashion to achieve a mean fidelity up to 94.8% for learning single-qubit quantum channels. Our experimental results explicitly showcase the advantages of deep quantum neural networks, including quantum analogue of the backpropagation algorithm and less stringent coherence-time requirement for their constituting physical qubits, thus providing a valuable guide for quantum machine learning applications with both near-term and future quantum devices.

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