Papers › Cosmic quenching and scaling laws for the evolution of supermassive black holes and...
Cosmic quenching and scaling laws for the evolution of supermassive black holes and host galaxies
Zhijie Jay Xu
The archive published only this paper's code-link row. Authors, date and abstract are from arXiv's metadata (CC0), read from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12 where its title matched the archive's; the title is the archive's.
Observations suggest an SMBH-host coevolution. We consider the mass and energy flow in a bulge suffused by gases of varying temperatures. By assuming the rate of energy flow independent of the distance from the bulge center and the local virial equilibrium for permeated gases, a key parameter ε_b was identified that quantifies the rate of mass and energy flow in gases and the efficiency of gas cooling and thus regulates the coevolution of SMBHs and hosts. Using Illustris simulations, we found ε_b∝(1+z)^(5/2). A higher ε_b in the early Universe means a more efficient gas cooling that allows initial rapid growth of SMBHs and hosts. This simple theory, characterized by ε_b, provides the dominant mean cosmic evolution of SMBHs and hosts. All other transient phenomena may only contribute to the dispersion around mean evolution. Relevant scaling laws involving ε_b were identified. For host galaxies, the mass-size relation M_b∝ε_b^(2/3)r_b^(5/3)G⁻¹, dispersion-size relation σ_b²∝(ε_b r_b)^(2/3)∝(1+z), or the mass-dispersion relation M_b∝ε_b⁻¹G⁻¹σ_b⁵ were identified, where size r_b∝(1+z)⁻¹. For SMBHs, three evolution phases were found involving an initial rapid growth stage with a rising luminosity L_B∝(ε_b M_(BH))^(4/5), a transition stage with a declining L_B∝ε_b² M_(BH) ∝(1+z)⁵, and a dormant stage with L_B∝(ε_b M_(BH))^(4/3). Results suggest a rapid initial super-Eddington growth with a new redshift-dependent luminosity limit L_X∝ε_b^(4/5)M_(BH)^(4/5)G^(-1/5)c, in contrast to the Eddington limit. Analytical solutions are formulated for the BH and AGN mass functions and AGN duty cycle and predict a slope of -1/5 for the faint-end luminosity function.
Code
Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.
Code Syntology ran Syntology
Not run by Syntology. Nothing on this page verifies that the listed code works.
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.
Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections