Papers › Contrastive Learning and Mixture of Experts Enables Precise Vector Embeddings

Contrastive Learning and Mixture of Experts Enables Precise Vector Embeddings

28 Jan 2024arXiv:2401.15713archive 2025-07-28

Logan Hallee, Rohan Kapur, Arjun Patel, Jason P. Gleghorn, Bohdan Khomtchouk

The advancement of transformer neural networks has significantly elevated the capabilities of sentence similarity models, but they still struggle with highly discriminative tasks and may produce sub-optimal representations of important documents like scientific literature. With the increased reliance on retrieval augmentation and search, representing diverse documents as concise and descriptive vectors is crucial. This paper improves upon the vectors embeddings of scientific text by assembling niche datasets using co-citations as a similarity metric, focusing on biomedical domains. We apply a novel Mixture of Experts (MoE) extension pipeline to pretrained BERT models, where every multi-layer perceptron section is enlarged and copied into multiple distinct experts. Our MoE variants perform well over N scientific domains with N dedicated experts, whereas standard BERT models excel in only one domain at a time. Notably, extending just a single transformer block to MoE captures 85% of the benefit seen from full MoE extension at every layer. This holds promise for versatile and efficient One-Size-Fits-All transformer networks for numerically representing diverse inputs. Our methodology marks advancements in representation learning and holds promise for enhancing vector database search and compilation.

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Gleghorn-Lab/mixture-of-experts-sentence-similarity officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

Contrastive Learning Descriptive Mixture-of-Experts Representation Learning Sentence Sentence Similarity Text Classification text-classification

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Biomedical Cocitation data

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Methods

Adam Attention Attention Dropout BERT Dense Connections Dropout Layer Normalization Linear Layer Linear Warmup With Linear Decay Multi-Head Attention Residual Connection Softmax Weight Decay WordPiece

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