Papers › Constraints on Dark Matter Microphysics from the Milky Way Satellite Population

Constraints on Dark Matter Microphysics from the Milky Way Satellite Population

22 Apr 2019arXiv:1904.10000links table onlyarchive 2025-07-28

Ethan O. Nadler, Vera Gluscevic, Kimberly K. Boddy, Risa H. Wechsler

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Alternatives to the cold, collisionless dark matter (DM) paradigm in which DM behaves as a collisional fluid generically suppress small-scale structure. Herein we use the observed population of Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxies to constrain the collisional nature of DM, focusing on DM-baryon scattering. We first derive analytic upper limits on the velocity-independent DM-baryon scattering cross section by translating the upper bound on the lowest mass of halos inferred to host satellites into a characteristic cutoff scale in the linear matter power spectrum. We then confirm and improve these results through a detailed probabilistic inference of the MW satellite population that marginalizes over relevant astrophysical uncertainties. This yields 95% confidence upper limits on the DM-baryon scattering cross section of 2×10⁻²⁹ cm² (6×10⁻²⁷ cm²) for DM particle masses mᵪ of~10 keV (10 GeV); these limits scale as mᵪ^(1/4) for mᵪ ≪1 GeV and mᵪ for~mᵪ ≫1 GeV. This analysis improves upon cosmological bounds derived from cosmic-microwave-background anisotropy measurements by multiple orders of magnitude over a wide range of DM masses, excluding regions of parameter space previously unexplored by other methods, including direct-detection experiments. Our work reveals a mapping between DM-baryon scattering and other alternative DM models, and we discuss the implications of our results for warm and fuzzy DM scenarios.

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