Papers › Colorization Transformer

Colorization Transformer

8 Feb 2021ICLR 2021 1arXiv:2102.04432archive 2025-07-28

Manoj Kumar, Dirk Weissenborn, Nal Kalchbrenner

We present the Colorization Transformer, a novel approach for diverse high fidelity image colorization based on self-attention. Given a grayscale image, the colorization proceeds in three steps. We first use a conditional autoregressive transformer to produce a low resolution coarse coloring of the grayscale image. Our architecture adopts conditional transformer layers to effectively condition grayscale input. Two subsequent fully parallel networks upsample the coarse colored low resolution image into a finely colored high resolution image. Sampling from the Colorization Transformer produces diverse colorings whose fidelity outperforms the previous state-of-the-art on colorising ImageNet based on FID results and based on a human evaluation in a Mechanical Turk test. Remarkably, in more than 60% of cases human evaluators prefer the highest rated among three generated colorings over the ground truth. The code and pre-trained checkpoints for Colorization Transformer are publicly available at https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/coltran

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Code

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Tasks

ColorizationImage Colorization

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Colorization ImageNet val Coltran FID-5K 19.37 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Introduced by this paper: Colorization Transformer

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionAxial AttentionBPEColorizationColorization TransformerDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformer

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