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Celestial Machine Learning: Discovering the Planarity, Heliocentricity, and Orbital Equation of Mars with AI Feynman

19 Dec 2023arXiv:2312.12315archive 2025-07-28

Zi-Yu Khoo, Gokul Rajiv, Abel Yang, Jonathan Sze Choong Low, Stéphane Bressan

Can a machine or algorithm discover or learn the elliptical orbit of Mars from astronomical sightings alone? Johannes Kepler required two paradigm shifts to discover his First Law regarding the elliptical orbit of Mars. Firstly, a shift from the geocentric to the heliocentric frame of reference. Secondly, the reduction of the orbit of Mars from a three- to a two-dimensional space. We extend AI Feynman, a physics-inspired tool for symbolic regression, to discover the heliocentricity and planarity of Mars' orbit and emulate his discovery of Kepler's first law.

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