Papers › Bottleneck-Minimal Indexing for Generative Document Retrieval

Bottleneck-Minimal Indexing for Generative Document Retrieval

12 May 2024arXiv:2405.10974archive 2025-07-28

Xin Du, Lixin Xiu, Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

We apply an information-theoretic perspective to reconsider generative document retrieval (GDR), in which a document x ∈X is indexed by t ∈T, and a neural autoregressive model is trained to map queries Q to T. GDR can be considered to involve information transmission from documents X to queries Q, with the requirement to transmit more bits via the indexes T. By applying Shannon's rate-distortion theory, the optimality of indexing can be analyzed in terms of the mutual information, and the design of the indexes T can then be regarded as a {\em bottleneck} in GDR. After reformulating GDR from this perspective, we empirically quantify the bottleneck underlying GDR. Finally, using the NQ320K and MARCO datasets, we evaluate our proposed bottleneck-minimal indexing method in comparison with various previous indexing methods, and we show that it outperforms those methods.

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