Papers › Boosting Supermassive Black Hole Growth in the Early Universe by Fuzzy Dark Matter Solitons
Boosting Supermassive Black Hole Growth in the Early Universe by Fuzzy Dark Matter Solitons
H. -H. Sandy Chiu, Hsi-Yu Schive, Hsiang-Yi Karen Yang, Hsinhao Huang, Massimo Gaspari
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Observations of massive supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early universe challenge existing black hole formation models. We propose that soliton cores in fuzzy dark matter (FDM) offer a potential solution to this timing problem. Our FDM cosmological zoom-in simulations confirm that for a particle mass m_(FDM)∼10⁻²² eV, solitons are well developed at redshift z ∼7 with masses of ∼10⁹ M_⊙, comparable to the observed SMBHs. We then demonstrate using hydrodynamic simulations that, compared to cold dark matter, these high-z massive FDM solitons with mass Mₛ can provide additional gravitational potential to accrete gas and boost the Bondi accretion rate of a growing black hole seed with mass M_(BH) by up to two to four orders of magnitude, in the regime of efficient cooling and negligible radiation pressure. This accretion boosting mechanism is effective for 10⁻²² eV ≲m_(FDM) ≲10⁻²⁰ eV and potentially beyond as long as Mₛ > M_(BH). The simulation code GAMER is accessible at https://github.com/gamer-project/gamer.
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