Papers › Bayesian constraints on the global 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn
Bayesian constraints on the global 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn
G. Bernardi, J. T. L. Zwart, D. Price, L. J. Greenhill, A. Mesinger, J. Dowell, T. Eftekhari, S. W. Ellingson, J. Kocz, F. Schinzel
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The birth of the first luminous sources and the ensuing epoch of reionization are best studied via the redshifted 21-cm emission line, the signature of the first two imprinting the last. In this work we present a fully-Bayesian method, \textsc{hibayes}, for extracting the faint, global (sky-averaged) 21-cm signal from the much brighter foreground emission. We show that a simplified (but plausible), Gaussian model of the 21-cm emission from the Cosmic Dawn epoch (15 ≲z ≲30), parameterized by an amplitude A_(HI), a frequency peak ν_(HI) and a width σ_(HI), can be extracted even in the presence of a structured foreground frequency spectrum (parameterized as a 7ᵗʰ-order polynomial), provided sufficient signal-to-noise (400~hours of observation with a single dipole). We apply our method to an early, 19-minute long observation from the Large aperture Experiment to detect the Dark Ages, constraining the 21-cm signal amplitude and width to be -890 < A_(HI) < 0 mK and σ_(HI) > 6.5 MHz (corresponding to Δz > 1.9 at redshift z ≃20) respectively at the 95-per-cent confidence level in the range 13.2 < z < 27.4 (100 > ν> 50 MHz).
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