Papers › Bag of Tricks for Efficient Text Classification

Bag of Tricks for Efficient Text Classification

6 Jul 2016EACL 2017 4arXiv:1607.01759archive 2025-07-28

Armand Joulin, Edouard Grave, Piotr Bojanowski, Tomas Mikolov

This paper explores a simple and efficient baseline for text classification. Our experiments show that our fast text classifier fastText is often on par with deep learning classifiers in terms of accuracy, and many orders of magnitude faster for training and evaluation. We can train fastText on more than one billion words in less than ten minutes using a standard multicore~CPU, and classify half a million sentences among~312K classes in less than a minute.

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Code

Syntology Ran 2 of 9 code samples harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper; 7 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 2 ran · our draft was wrong.

By repository: community (archive-listed): 7 samples from 2 repositories, 1 ran; 2 identical to code first harvested elsewhere. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

65 repositories listed; official and paper-mentioned ones first.

facebookresearch/fastText officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubMIT report
2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-197 mentioned on GitHubmindspore report
2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-198 mentioned on GitHubmindspore report
2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-200 mentioned on GitHubmindspore report
DW-yejing/fasttext4j-jdk6 mentioned on GitHubBSD-3-Clause report
FengJiaChunFromSYSU/fastText mentioned on GitHubMIT report
GitHubSprint/fasttext4j mentioned on GitHubBSD-3-Clause report
Kinetikm/fastTextRelearning mentioned on GitHub report
Kinetikm/fasttextRelearnExperiment mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
M155K4R4/fastText mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
MhYao2014/HyperbolicEmbedding mentioned on GitHubMIT report
Nim-NLP/fastText mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
Omerktn/fastText-iterative mentioned on GitHub report
SarangShaikh201/fastText mentioned on GitHub report
ShreyaKhare/imdb_fasttext mentioned on GitHub report
TEAMLAB-Lecture/deep_nlp_101 mentioned on GitHubtf report
TsingZ0/PFL-Non-IID mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
ZZhangyutong/fasttext mentioned on GitHubmindspore report
amymariaparker2401/new mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
bentrevett/pytorch-sentiment-analysis mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
bmcclannahan/NLP-Sentiment mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
brightmart/text_classification mentioned on GitHubtf report
bung87/fastText mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
bzz/LangID mentioned on GitHubtf report
code2k13/nlphose mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
code2k13/nlppipe mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
csebuetnlp/xl-sum mentioned on GitHubjax report
currentsapi/extractnet mentioned on GitHubMIT report
currentsapi/fastlangid mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
currentslab/extractnet mentioned on GitHubMIT report
divisionai/fastText mentioned on GitHubMIT report
donghyeonk/fastText1607 mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
ericxsun/fastText mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
explosion/floret mentioned on GitHubMIT report
graykode/nlp-tutorial mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
hanfeng108/Language-Detection mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
hufscapstone/Fast_text mentioned on GitHubMIT report
indix/whatthelang mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report
jen1995/fastText mentioned on GitHubMIT report
kpu/fastertext mentioned on GitHubMIT report
linkfluence/fastText4j mentioned on GitHubBSD-3-Clause report
lmd1993/fastTextBoost mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
luckyPT/jvm-ml mentioned on GitHubtf report
luhuiguo/jfasttext mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
mwydmuch/extremeText mentioned on GitHubtfNOASSERTION report
nageshsinghc4/deepwrap mentioned on GitHubtf report
pommedeterresautee/fastrtext mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
ppke-nlpg/fastText_factored-cbow mentioned on GitHubMIT report
rmenegaux/fastDNA mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
romik9999/fasttext-1925f09ed3 mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
shawnyxiao/textclassification-keras mentioned on GitHubtfMIT report
trietnm2/sent2vec4j mentioned on GitHub report
tshev/faster-FastText mentioned on GitHubMIT report
vinhkhuc/JFastText mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
wyfish/fastText mentioned on GitHubnot reachable when probed 2026-09-18 — repositories for recent papers often appear after camera-ready report
xuzhezhaozhao/fastText_reading mentioned on GitHubNOASSERTION report
xyfJASON/Comment-Analysis mentioned on GitHub report
yangyucheng000/fasttext mentioned on GitHubmindspore report
zafercavdar/fasttext-langdetect mentioned on GitHubMIT report
dmlc/gluon-nlp mxnetApache-2.0 report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

9 samples harvested; 2 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 7 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

2ran · our draft was wrong
7unverified

Licence: 2 of the 9 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

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get_ngram donghyeonk/fastText1607/dataset.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · a3b19b485060241b · report
bytes_cast currentsapi/extractnet/extractnet/compat.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 1fc6189843b47c19 · report
dameraulevenshtein currentsapi/extractnet/extractnet/util.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 0b240d50631fc9ab · report
evaluation_metrics currentsapi/extractnet/extractnet/util.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 9f34a097938066d0 · report
get_and_union_features currentsapi/extractnet/extractnet/util.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 6d6b719f28e0ad54 · report
str_cast currentsapi/extractnet/extractnet/compat.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 39461510fffca969 · report
str_list_cast currentsapi/extractnet/extractnet/compat.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 533a11c8e71b54ee · report
read_args identical code first harvested elsewhere ran · our draft was wrong licence of this copy not recorded · f697966cbe929024 · report
compute_similarity identical code first harvested elsewhere unverified licence of this copy not recorded · 411c04ff52be0d9f · report

Tasks

Emotion Recognition in ConversationGeneral ClassificationSentiment AnalysisText Classification

1 archive task tag without a task page not shown.

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Emotion Recognition in Conversation CPED FastText Accuracy of Sentiment 48.62 #7 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Emotion Recognition in Conversation CPED FastText Macro-F1 of Sentiment 30.33 #7 of 11 Archive leaderboard report
Sentiment Analysis Amazon Review Full FastText Accuracy 60.2 #8 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
Sentiment Analysis Amazon Review Polarity FastText Accuracy 94.6 #8 of 9 Archive leaderboard report
Sentiment Analysis Sogou News fastText, h=10, bigram Accuracy 96.8 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Sentiment Analysis Yelp Binary classification fastText, h=10, bigram Error 4.3 #17 of 20 Archive leaderboard report
Sentiment Analysis Yelp Fine-grained classification FastText Error 36.1 #14 of 17 Archive leaderboard report
Text Classification AG News fastText Error 7.5 #13 of 24 Archive leaderboard report
Text Classification DBpedia FastText Error 1.4 #18 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Text Classification Yahoo! Answers FastText Accuracy 72.3 #9 of 10 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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