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Automated deep learning segmentation of high-resolution 7 T postmortem MRI for quantitative analysis of structure-pathology correlations in neurodegenerative diseases
Pulkit Khandelwal, Michael Tran Duong, Shokufeh Sadaghiani, Sydney Lim, Amanda Denning, Eunice Chung, Sadhana Ravikumar, Sanaz Arezoumandan, Claire Peterson, Madigan Bedard, Noah Capp, Ranjit Ittyerah, Elyse Migdal, Grace Choi, Emily Kopp, Bridget Loja, Eusha Hasan, Jiacheng Li, Alejandra Bahena, Karthik Prabhakaran, Gabor Mizsei, Marianna Gabrielyan, Theresa Schuck, Winifred Trotman, John Robinson, Daniel Ohm, Edward B. Lee, John Q. Trojanowski, Corey McMillan, Murray Grossman, David J. Irwin, John Detre, M. Dylan Tisdall, Sandhitsu R. Das, Laura E. M. Wisse, David A. Wolk, Paul A. Yushkevich
Postmortem MRI allows brain anatomy to be examined at high resolution and to link pathology measures with morphometric measurements. However, automated segmentation methods for brain mapping in postmortem MRI are not well developed, primarily due to limited availability of labeled datasets, and heterogeneity in scanner hardware and acquisition protocols. In this work, we present a high resolution of 135 postmortem human brain tissue specimens imaged at 0.3 mm³ isotropic using a T2w sequence on a 7T whole-body MRI scanner. We developed a deep learning pipeline to segment the cortical mantle by benchmarking the performance of nine deep neural architectures, followed by post-hoc topological correction. We then segment four subcortical structures (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus), white matter hyperintensities, and the normal appearing white matter. We show generalizing capabilities across whole brain hemispheres in different specimens, and also on unseen images acquired at 0.28 mm^3 and 0.16 mm^3 isotropic T2*w FLASH sequence at 7T. We then compute localized cortical thickness and volumetric measurements across key regions, and link them with semi-quantitative neuropathological ratings. Our code, Jupyter notebooks, and the containerized executables are publicly available at: https://pulkit-khandelwal.github.io/exvivo-brain-upenn
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