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Autoencoders as Cross-Modal Teachers: Can Pretrained 2D Image Transformers Help 3D Representation Learning?

16 Dec 2022arXiv:2212.08320archive 2025-07-28

Runpei Dong, Zekun Qi, Linfeng Zhang, Junbo Zhang, Jianjian Sun, Zheng Ge, Li Yi, Kaisheng Ma

The success of deep learning heavily relies on large-scale data with comprehensive labels, which is more expensive and time-consuming to fetch in 3D compared to 2D images or natural languages. This promotes the potential of utilizing models pretrained with data more than 3D as teachers for cross-modal knowledge transferring. In this paper, we revisit masked modeling in a unified fashion of knowledge distillation, and we show that foundational Transformers pretrained with 2D images or natural languages can help self-supervised 3D representation learning through training Autoencoders as Cross-Modal Teachers (ACT). The pretrained Transformers are transferred as cross-modal 3D teachers using discrete variational autoencoding self-supervision, during which the Transformers are frozen with prompt tuning for better knowledge inheritance. The latent features encoded by the 3D teachers are used as the target of masked point modeling, wherein the dark knowledge is distilled to the 3D Transformer students as foundational geometry understanding. Our ACT pretrained 3D learner achieves state-of-the-art generalization capacity across various downstream benchmarks, e.g., 88.21% overall accuracy on ScanObjectNN. Codes have been released at https://github.com/RunpeiDong/ACT.

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Code

runpeidong/act officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
asterisci/point-gcc mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
qizekun/ReCon mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
qizekun/vpp mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report

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Tasks

3D Point Cloud ClassificationFew-Shot 3D Point Cloud ClassificationKnowledge DistillationRepresentation Learning

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
3D Point Cloud Classification ScanObjectNN ACT Overall Accuracy 89.17 #29 of 77 Archive leaderboard report
3D Point Cloud Classification ScanObjectNN ACT (no voting) OBJ-BG (OA) 93.29 #39 of 77 Archive leaderboard report
3D Point Cloud Classification ScanObjectNN ACT (no voting) OBJ-ONLY (OA) 91.91 #39 of 77 Archive leaderboard report
3D Point Cloud Classification ScanObjectNN ACT (no voting) Overall Accuracy 88.21 #39 of 77 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 10-way (10-shot) ACT Overall Accuracy 93.3 #9 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 10-way (10-shot) ACT Standard Deviation 4.0 #9 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 10-way (20-shot) ACT Overall Accuracy 95.6 #11 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 10-way (20-shot) ACT Standard Deviation 2.8 #11 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 5-way (10-shot) ACT Overall Accuracy 96.8 #14 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 5-way (10-shot) ACT Standard Deviation 2.3 #14 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 5-way (20-shot) ACT Overall Accuracy 98.0 #13 of 30 Archive leaderboard report
Few-Shot 3D Point Cloud Classification ModelNet40 5-way (20-shot) ACT Standard Deviation 1.4 #13 of 30 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformer

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