Papers › An optimal home energy management system for modulating heat pumps and photovoltaic systems
An optimal home energy management system for modulating heat pumps and photovoltaic systems
Lissy Langer, Thomas Volling
Efficient residential sector coupling plays a key role in supporting the energy transition. In this study, we analyze the structural properties associated with the optimal control of a home energy management system and the effects of common technological configurations and objectives. We conduct this study by modeling a representative building with a modulating air-sourced heat pump, a photovoltaic (PV) system, a battery, and thermal storage systems for floor heating and hot-water supply. In addition, we allow grid feed-in by assuming fixed feed-in tariffs and consider user comfort. In our numerical analysis, we find that the battery, naturally, is the essential building block for improving self-sufficiency. However, in order to use the PV surplus efficiently grid feed-in is necessary. The commonly considered objective of maximizing self-consumption is not economically viable under the given tariff structure; however, close-to-optimal performance and significant reduction in solution times can be achieved by maximizing self-sufficiency. Based on optimal control and considering seasonal effects, the dominant order of PV distribution and the target states of charge of the storage systems can be derived. Using a rolling horizon approach, the solution time can be reduced to less than 1 min (achieving a time resolution of 1 h per year). By evaluating the value of information, we find that the common value of 24 h for the prediction and control horizons results in unintended but avoidable end-of-horizon effects. Our input data and mixed-integer linear model developed using the Julia JuMP programming language are available in an open-source manner.
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