Papers › Adversarial Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models for Time Series Forecasting

Adversarial Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models for Time Series Forecasting

11 Dec 2024arXiv:2412.08099archive 2025-07-28

Fuqiang Liu, Sicong Jiang, Luis Miranda-Moreno, Seongjin Choi, Lijun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated significant potential in time series forecasting, offering impressive capabilities in handling complex temporal data. However, their robustness and reliability in real-world applications remain under-explored, particularly concerning their susceptibility to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we introduce a targeted adversarial attack framework for LLM-based time series forecasting. By employing both gradient-free and black-box optimization methods, we generate minimal yet highly effective perturbations that significantly degrade the forecasting accuracy across multiple datasets and LLM architectures. Our experiments, which include models like LLMTime with GPT-3.5, GPT-4, LLaMa, and Mistral, TimeGPT, and TimeLLM show that adversarial attacks lead to much more severe performance degradation than random noise, and demonstrate the broad effectiveness of our attacks across different LLMs. The results underscore the critical vulnerabilities of LLMs in time series forecasting, highlighting the need for robust defense mechanisms to ensure their reliable deployment in practical applications. The code repository can be found at https://github.com/JohnsonJiang1996/AdvAttack_LLM4TS.

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Adversarial AttackTime SeriesTime Series Forecasting

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Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionAttention DropoutBPECosine AnnealingDense ConnectionsDropoutGPT-3GPT-4Label SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Cosine AnnealingMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformerWeight Decay

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