Papers › Abusing Images and Sounds for Indirect Instruction Injection in Multi-Modal LLMs

Abusing Images and Sounds for Indirect Instruction Injection in Multi-Modal LLMs

19 Jul 2023arXiv:2307.10490archive 2025-07-28

Eugene Bagdasaryan, Tsung-Yin Hsieh, Ben Nassi, Vitaly Shmatikov

We demonstrate how images and sounds can be used for indirect prompt and instruction injection in multi-modal LLMs. An attacker generates an adversarial perturbation corresponding to the prompt and blends it into an image or audio recording. When the user asks the (unmodified, benign) model about the perturbed image or audio, the perturbation steers the model to output the attacker-chosen text and/or make the subsequent dialog follow the attacker's instruction. We illustrate this attack with several proof-of-concept examples targeting LLaVa and PandaGPT.

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