Papers › 3D Instances as 1D Kernels
3D Instances as 1D Kernels
Yizheng Wu, Min Shi, Shuaiyuan Du, Hao Lu, Zhiguo Cao, Weicai Zhong
We introduce a 3D instance representation, termed instance kernels, where instances are represented by one-dimensional vectors that encode the semantic, positional, and shape information of 3D instances. We show that instance kernels enable easy mask inference by simply scanning kernels over the entire scenes, avoiding the heavy reliance on proposals or heuristic clustering algorithms in standard 3D instance segmentation pipelines. The idea of instance kernel is inspired by recent success of dynamic convolutions in 2D/3D instance segmentation. However, we find it non-trivial to represent 3D instances due to the disordered and unstructured nature of point cloud data, e.g., poor instance localization can significantly degrade instance representation. To remedy this, we construct a novel 3D instance encoding paradigm. First, potential instance centroids are localized as candidates. Then, a candidate merging scheme is devised to simultaneously aggregate duplicated candidates and collect context around the merged centroids to form the instance kernels. Once instance kernels are available, instance masks can be reconstructed via dynamic convolutions whose weights are conditioned on instance kernels. The whole pipeline is instantiated with a dynamic kernel network (DKNet). Results show that DKNet outperforms the state of the arts on both ScanNetV2 and S3DIS datasets with better instance localization. Code is available: https://github.com/W1zheng/DKNet.
In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.
For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="2207.07372")
Code
Syntology Ran 6 of 6 code samples harvested from 1 repository linked to this paper; 0 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 1 ran · our draft was wrong; 5 ran with no contract checked.
By repository: official repository: 6 samples from 1 repository, 6 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.
Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.
Code Syntology ran Syntology
6 samples harvested; 6 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 0 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.
Licence: 0 of the 6 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.
Harvested from W1zheng/DKNet. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.
Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.
Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.
6693fd4e3fbcd72f · report
9a93ecf3e946d063 · report
361f4cf883997964 · report
891b8ebab395921f · report
4c158fc0e48afd02 · report
521ea446997228b2 · report
Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3D Instance Segmentation | S3DIS | DKNet | mCov | 70.3 | #12 of 21 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| 3D Instance Segmentation | S3DIS | DKNet | mPrec | 75.3 | #12 of 21 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| 3D Instance Segmentation | S3DIS | DKNet | mRec | 71.1 | #12 of 21 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| 3D Instance Segmentation | S3DIS | DKNet | mWCov | 72.8 | #12 of 21 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| 3D Instance Segmentation | ScanNet(v2) | DKNet | mAP | 53.2 | #13 of 32 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| 3D Instance Segmentation | ScanNet(v2) | DKNet | mAP @ 50 | 71.8 | #13 of 32 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections