Papers › S4L: Self-Supervised Semi-Supervised Learning

S4L: Self-Supervised Semi-Supervised Learning

9 May 2019ICCV 2019 10arXiv:1905.03670archive 2025-07-28

Xiaohua Zhai, Avital Oliver, Alexander Kolesnikov, Lucas Beyer

This work tackles the problem of semi-supervised learning of image classifiers. Our main insight is that the field of semi-supervised learning can benefit from the quickly advancing field of self-supervised visual representation learning. Unifying these two approaches, we propose the framework of self-supervised semi-supervised learning and use it to derive two novel semi-supervised image classification methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in comparison to both carefully tuned baselines, and existing semi-supervised learning methods. We then show that our approach and existing semi-supervised methods can be jointly trained, yielding a new state-of-the-art result on semi-supervised ILSVRC-2012 with 10% of labels.

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google-research/s4l mentioned on GitHubtfApache-2.0 report

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Tasks

General ClassificationImage ClassificationRepresentation LearningSemi-Supervised Image Classificationimage-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data Rotation (joint training) Top 5 Accuracy 53.37% #58 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data Pseudolabeling Top 5 Accuracy 51.56% #59 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data Exemplar (joint training) Top 5 Accuracy 47.02% #60 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data VAT + Entropy Minimization Top 5 Accuracy 46.96% #61 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data Rotation Top 5 Accuracy 45.11% #62 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data Exemplar Top 5 Accuracy 44.90% #63 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 1% labeled data VAT Top 5 Accuracy 44.05% #64 of 65 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data S4L-MOAM (ResNet-50 4×) Top 1 Accuracy 73.21% #36 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data S4L-MOAM (ResNet-50 4×) Top 5 Accuracy 91.23% #36 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Rotation + VAT + Ent. Min. Top 5 Accuracy 91.23% #49 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data S4L-Rotation (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 83.82% #58 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data S4L-Exemplar (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 83.72% #61 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Exemplar (joint training) Top 5 Accuracy 83.72% #62 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data VAT + Entropy Minimization (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 83.39% #63 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data VAT + Entropy Minimization Top 5 Accuracy 83.39% #64 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data VAT (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 82.78% #65 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data VAT Top 5 Accuracy 82.78% #66 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Pseudolabeling (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 82.41% #67 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Pseudolabeling Top 5 Accuracy 82.41% #68 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Exemplar Fine-tuned (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 81.01% #69 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Exemplar Top 5 Accuracy 81.01% #70 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Rotation Fine-tuned (ResNet-50) Top 5 Accuracy 78.53% #72 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data Rotation Top 5 Accuracy 78.53% #73 of 75 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

1x1 ConvolutionAverage PoolingBatch NormalizationBottleneck Residual BlockConvolutionGlobal Average PoolingKaiming InitializationMax PoolingReLUResidual BlockResidual Connection

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