Datasets › NICO

NICO (Non-I.I.D. Image dataset with Contexts)

Introduced by Yue He et al. in Towards Non-I.I.D. Image Classification: A Dataset and Baselines7 Jun 2019 archive 2025-07-28

I.I.D. hypothesis between training and testing data is the basis of numerous image classification methods. Such property can hardly be guaranteed in practice where the Non-IIDness is common, causing in- stable performances of these models. In literature, however, the Non-I.I.D. image classification problem is largely understudied. A key reason is lacking of a well-designed dataset to support related research. In this paper, we construct and release a Non-I.I.D. image dataset called NICO, which uses contexts to create Non-IIDness consciously. Compared to other datasets, extended analyses prove NICO can support various Non-I.I.D. situations with sufficient flexibility. Meanwhile, we propose a baseline model with Con- vNet structure for General Non-I.I.D. image classification, where distribution of testing data is unknown but different from training data. The experimental results demonstrate that NICO can well support the training of ConvNet model from scratch, and a batch balancing module can help ConvNets to perform better in Non-I.I.D. settings.

Benchmarks archive 2025-07-28

All 2 leaderboards whose dataset resolves to this page shown (sort by any header). "First row" is the archive's own first row at snapshot, in the archive's row order; nothing here re-ranks and metric direction is not asserted.

First row (archive order)PaperCode
Domain Generalization NICO Animal NAS-OoD Accuracy 88.72 NAS-OoD: Neural Architecture Search for... HaoyueBaiZJU/NAS-OoD 5 Compare
Domain Generalization NICO Vehicle NAS-OoD Accuracy 81.59 NAS-OoD: Neural Architecture Search for... HaoyueBaiZJU/NAS-OoD 5 Compare

Papers archive 2025-07-28

5 shown of 5 papers with a leaderboard row on this dataset's benchmarks, newest first. The archive's own "papers using this dataset" list was never published, so this is the benchmark-backed subset; the archive's count for this dataset is 9. The Syntology column is from Syntology's graph (read 2026-09-24), stated per sample; it is not part of any archive number.

DateSamples run Syntology
NAS-OoD: Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Generalization 1 2 5 Sep 2021 ran 3 of 6 samples (3 unverified; 6 pointer-only for licence)
DecAug: Out-of-Distribution Generalization via Decomposed Feature Representation and Semantic Augmentation 1 2 17 Dec 2020 not harvested
Distributionally Robust Neural Networks for Group Shifts: On the Importance of Regularization for Worst-Case Generalization 8 2 20 Nov 2019 ran 9 of 10 samples (1 unverified; 2 pointer-only for licence)
Domain Generalization by Solving Jigsaw Puzzles 2 2 16 Mar 2019 not harvested
Deep CORAL: Correlation Alignment for Deep Domain Adaptation 9 2 6 Jul 2016 ran 10 of 16 samples (6 unverified; 10 pointer-only for licence)

Dataset loaders archive 2025-07-28

No loader listed in the archive.

Tasks archive 2025-07-28

License archive 2025-07-28

No licence recorded in the archive. Absence here is not a statement about the dataset's terms.

Modalities archive 2025-07-28

No modality tagged.

Languages archive 2025-07-28

No language tagged.

Variants archive 2025-07-28

  • NICO
  • NICO Animal
  • NICO Vehicle

3 variant names, as the archive lists them.

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