{"url":"/task/vocabulary-free-image-classification","name":"Vocabulary-free Image Classification","slug":"vocabulary-free-image-classification","description_markdown":"Recent advances in large vision-language models have revolutionized the image classification paradigm. Despite showing impressive zero-shot capabilities, a pre-defined set of categories, a.k.a. the vocabulary, is assumed at test time for composing the textual prompts. However, such assumption can be impractical when the semantic context is unknown and evolving. Vocabulary-free Image Classification (VIC) aims to assign to an input image a class that resides in an unconstrained language-induced semantic space, without the prerequisite of a known vocabulary.","categories":[{"name":"Adversarial","url":"/area/adversarial"},{"name":"Audio","url":"/area/audio"},{"name":"Computer Code","url":"/area/computer-code"},{"name":"Computer Vision","url":"/area/computer-vision"},{"name":"Graphs","url":"/area/graphs"},{"name":"Medical","url":"/area/medical"},{"name":"Methodology","url":"/area/methodology"},{"name":"Music","url":"/area/music"},{"name":"Playing Games","url":"/area/playing-games"}],"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","slug_source":"derived"},"counts":{"papers_tagged":2,"papers_with_code":2,"benchmarks":0,"benchmark_tables_in_archive":0,"benchmark_tables_shown":0,"benchmark_tables_withheld_as_spam":0,"benchmark_definition":"a leaderboard table with at least one row; benchmark_tables_shown also counts the zero-row tables; benchmark_tables_in_archive adds the tables withheld as spam","datasets":0,"subtasks":0,"parent_tasks":1},"benchmarks":[],"datasets":[],"subtasks":[],"parent_tasks":[{"url":"/task/2d-classification","name":"2D Classification"}],"papers":{"order":"repositories listed in the archive (desc), then date (desc); the archive holds no stars","population":"papers tagged with this task that list at least one repository in the archive","shown":2,"of":2,"tagged_in_all":2,"items":[{"url":"/paper/vocabulary-free-image-classification-and","title":"Vocabulary-free Image Classification and Semantic Segmentation","date":"2024-04-16","arxiv_id":"2404.10864","repositories_listed":1,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/vocabulary-free-image-classification-1","title":"Vocabulary-free Image Classification","date":"2023-06-01","arxiv_id":"2306.00917","repositories_listed":1,"syntology":{"n":2,"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":2,"n_pointer_only":0}}],"syntology_records":1,"syntology_note":"a paper without a record is not a recorded non-run: it may lack an arXiv id or simply be absent from the graph layer"},"description_links":{"kept":0,"unwrapped_to_text":0,"bare_urls_linked":0,"relative_images_dropped":0,"rule":"internal links are kept only when the target slug exists in the catalog"},"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures ('ran N of M samples'); not a correctness claim and not a ranking signal.","status_vocabulary":{"ran_honours":"ran, honoured the contract we drafted","ran_violates":"ran, violated the contract we drafted","ran_draft_wrong":"ran; our contract draft was wrong, not the code","ran_fixture":"ran; our fixture could not drive it","ran":"ran on a synthesized input","unverified":"unverified (harvested, no recorded run)"}},"not_shown":{"libraries":"the archive has no per-task library table","trend_sparklines":"the Trend column of the benchmarks table was a rendered image; it is not in the archive","social_and_latest_sorts":"stars and social signals are not in the archive"}}