{"url":"/task/multi-class-classification","name":"Multi-class Classification","slug":"multi-class-classification","description_markdown":"Multi-class classification is a type of supervised learning where the goal is to assign an input to one of three or more distinct classes. Unlike binary classification (which has only two classes), multi-class classification handles multiple labels and uses algorithms like logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, SVMs, or neural networks to predict the correct category based on the features of the input data.","categories":[{"name":"Computer Vision","url":"/area/computer-vision"}],"source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","slug_source":"archive_url"},"counts":{"papers_tagged":903,"papers_with_code":289,"benchmarks":5,"benchmark_tables_in_archive":5,"benchmark_tables_shown":5,"benchmark_tables_withheld_as_spam":0,"benchmark_definition":"a leaderboard table with at least one row; benchmark_tables_shown also counts the zero-row tables; benchmark_tables_in_archive adds the tables withheld as spam","datasets":14,"subtasks":1,"parent_tasks":1},"benchmarks":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-class-classification-on-covid-19-cxr","slug":"multi-class-classification-on-covid-19-cxr","dataset":"COVID-19 CXR Dataset","dataset_url":null,"rows_in_archive":1,"metrics":["Accuracy (%)"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"COVID-CXNet","paper_title":"COVID-CXNet: Detecting COVID-19 in Frontal Chest X-ray Images using Deep Learning","paper_url":"/paper/covid-cxnet-detecting-covid-19-in-frontal","paper_date":"2020-06-16","arxiv_id":"2006.13807","code_links":[{"title":"armiro/COVID-CXNet","url":"https://github.com/armiro/COVID-CXNet"}],"syntology":null}},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-class-classification-on-covid-chest-x","slug":"multi-class-classification-on-covid-chest-x","dataset":"COVID chest X-ray","dataset_url":null,"rows_in_archive":1,"metrics":["F1 score"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"COVID-ResNet","paper_title":"COVID-ResNet: A Deep Learning Framework for Screening of COVID19 from Radiographs","paper_url":"/paper/covid-resnet-a-deep-learning-framework-for","paper_date":"2020-03-31","arxiv_id":"2003.14395","code_links":[{"title":"rishav1122/Covid-ResNet","url":"https://github.com/rishav1122/Covid-ResNet"}],"syntology":null}},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-class-classification-on-reuters-52","slug":"multi-class-classification-on-reuters-52","dataset":"Reuters-52","dataset_url":null,"rows_in_archive":1,"metrics":["Macro F1"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"SVM (tficf)","paper_title":"Inverse-Category-Frequency based supervised term weighting scheme for text categorization","paper_url":"/paper/inverse-category-frequency-based-supervised","paper_date":"2010-12-13","arxiv_id":"1012.2609","code_links":[{"title":"zveryansky/textvec","url":"https://github.com/zveryansky/textvec"},{"title":"textvec/textvec","url":"https://github.com/textvec/textvec"}],"syntology":null}},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-class-classification-on-tii-ssrc-23","slug":"multi-class-classification-on-tii-ssrc-23","dataset":"TII-SSRC-23","dataset_url":"/dataset/tii-ssrc-23","rows_in_archive":1,"metrics":["F1-Score"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"Extra Trees","paper_title":"TII-SSRC-23 Dataset: Typological Exploration of Diverse Traffic Patterns for Intrusion Detection","paper_url":"/paper/tii-ssrc-23-dataset-typological-exploration","paper_date":"2023-09-14","arxiv_id":"2310.10661","code_links":[],"syntology":null}},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-class-classification-on-training-and","slug":"multi-class-classification-on-training-and","dataset":"Training and validation dataset of capsule vision 2024 challenge.","dataset_url":null,"rows_in_archive":1,"metrics":["Mean AUC"],"first_row_in_archive_order":{"model":"Multi-Model Ensemble","paper_title":"Multi-Class Abnormality Classification in Video Capsule Endoscopy Using Deep Learning","paper_url":"/paper/multi-class-abnormality-classification-in","paper_date":"2024-10-24","arxiv_id":"2410.18879","code_links":[{"title":"arnavs04/capsule-vision-2024","url":"https://github.com/arnavs04/capsule-vision-2024"}],"syntology":null}}],"datasets":[{"url":"/dataset/smm4h","name":"SMM4H","full_name":"Social Media Mining for Health Shared Task","num_papers_in_archive":41},{"url":"/dataset/turingbench","name":"TURINGBENCH","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":18},{"url":"/dataset/multimodal-emoji-prediction","name":"Multimodal Emoji Prediction","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":4},{"url":"/dataset/tii-ssrc-23","name":"TII-SSRC-23","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":2},{"url":"/dataset/appealcase","name":"AppealCase","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/cpcxr","name":"CPCXR","full_name":"COVID-19 Posteroanterior Chest X-Ray fused","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/cve","name":"CVE","full_name":"Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/deepparliament","name":"DeepParliament","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/kinnews-and-kirnews","name":"KINNEWS and KIRNEWS","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/radio-observatory-anomaly-detection-dataset","name":"Radio observatory anomaly detection dataset","full_name":"Radio observatory anomaly detection dataset","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/sf-mask","name":"SF-MASK","full_name":"Small Face MASK","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/smokeng","name":"SmokEng","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":1},{"url":"/dataset/autorobust","name":"AutoRobust","full_name":"","num_papers_in_archive":0},{"url":"/dataset/eduge","name":"Eduge","full_name":"Eduge news classification dataset","num_papers_in_archive":0}],"subtasks":[{"url":"/task/patent-classification","name":"Patent classification"}],"parent_tasks":[{"url":"/task/classification-1","name":"Classification"}],"papers":{"order":"repositories listed in the archive (desc), then date (desc); the archive holds no stars","population":"papers tagged with this task that list at least one repository in the archive","shown":30,"of":289,"tagged_in_all":903,"items":[{"url":"/paper/senteval-an-evaluation-toolkit-for-universal","title":"SentEval: An Evaluation Toolkit for Universal Sentence Representations","date":"2018-03-14","arxiv_id":"1803.05449","repositories_listed":11,"syntology":{"n":8,"n_ran":6,"n_unverified":2,"n_pointer_only":6}},{"url":"/paper/evidential-deep-learning-to-quantify","title":"Evidential Deep Learning to Quantify Classification Uncertainty","date":"2018-06-05","arxiv_id":"1806.01768","repositories_listed":10,"syntology":{"n":5,"n_ran":4,"n_unverified":1,"n_pointer_only":0}},{"url":"/paper/multimodal-speech-emotion-recognition-and","title":"Multimodal Speech Emotion Recognition and Ambiguity Resolution","date":"2019-04-12","arxiv_id":"1904.06022","repositories_listed":5,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/integrated-multi-omics-analysis-using","title":"Integrated Multi-omics Analysis Using Variational Autoencoders: Application to Pan-cancer Classification","date":"2019-08-17","arxiv_id":"1908.06278","repositories_listed":4,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/efficient-algorithms-for-set-valued","title":"Efficient Set-Valued Prediction in Multi-Class Classification","date":"2019-06-19","arxiv_id":"1906.08129","repositories_listed":4,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/efficient-deep-learning-for-stereo-matching","title":"Efficient Deep Learning for Stereo Matching","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":4,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/mapie-an-open-source-library-for-distribution","title":"MAPIE: an open-source library for distribution-free uncertainty quantification","date":"2022-07-25","arxiv_id":"2207.12274","repositories_listed":3,"syntology":{"n":16,"n_ran":1,"n_unverified":15,"n_pointer_only":0}},{"url":"/paper/exploiting-class-activation-value-for-partial","title":"Exploiting Class Activation Value for Partial-Label Learning","date":"2021-09-29","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":3,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/pmlb-v1-0-an-open-source-dataset-collection","title":"PMLB v1.0: An open source dataset collection for benchmarking machine learning methods","date":"2020-11-30","arxiv_id":"2012.00058","repositories_listed":3,"syntology":{"n":1,"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":1,"n_pointer_only":0}},{"url":"/paper/on-the-learning-property-of-logistic-and","title":"On the Learning Property of Logistic and Softmax Losses for Deep Neural Networks","date":"2020-03-04","arxiv_id":"2003.02309","repositories_listed":3,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/hdltex-hierarchical-deep-learning-for-text","title":"HDLTex: Hierarchical Deep Learning for Text Classification","date":"2017-09-24","arxiv_id":"1709.08267","repositories_listed":3,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/gensvm-a-generalized-multiclass-support","title":"GenSVM: A Generalized Multiclass Support Vector Machine","date":"2016-12-30","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":3,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/network-representation-learning-with-rich","title":"Network Representation Learning with Rich Text Information","date":"2015-06-24","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":3,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/tabkanet-tabular-data-modelling-with","title":"TabKANet: Tabular Data Modeling with Kolmogorov-Arnold Network and Transformer","date":"2024-09-13","arxiv_id":"2409.08806","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/application-of-quantum-pre-processing-filter","title":"Application of Quantum Pre-Processing Filter for Binary Image Classification with Small Samples","date":"2023-08-28","arxiv_id":"2308.14930","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/neuro-symbolic-rule-learning-in-real-world","title":"Neuro-symbolic Rule Learning in Real-world Classification Tasks","date":"2023-03-29","arxiv_id":"2303.16674","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/1st-place-solution-for-psg-competition-with","title":"1st Place Solution for PSG competition with ECCV'22 SenseHuman Workshop","date":"2023-02-06","arxiv_id":"2302.02651","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/generalized-consistent-multi-class","title":"Generalized Consistent Multi-Class Classification with Rejection to be Compatible with Arbitrary Losses","date":"2022-11-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/vista-vision-transformer-enhanced-by-u-net","title":"VISTA: Vision Transformer enhanced by U-Net and Image Colorfulness Frame Filtration for Automatic Retail Checkout","date":"2022-04-23","arxiv_id":"2204.11024","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/learning-gaussian-mixtures-with-generalised","title":"Learning Gaussian Mixtures with Generalised Linear Models: Precise Asymptotics in High-dimensions","date":"2021-06-07","arxiv_id":"2106.03791","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/iotdevid-a-behaviour-based-fingerprinting","title":"IoTDevID: A Behavior-Based Device Identification Method for the IoT","date":"2021-02-17","arxiv_id":"2102.08866","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/efficient-robust-optimal-transport","title":"Efficient Robust Optimal Transport with Application to Multi-Label Classification","date":"2020-10-22","arxiv_id":"2010.11852","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/deep-brain-state-classification-of-meg-data","title":"Deep brain state classification of MEG data","date":"2020-07-02","arxiv_id":"2007.00897","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/semg-gesture-recognition-with-a-simple-model","title":"sEMG Gesture Recognition with a Simple Model of Attention","date":"2020-06-05","arxiv_id":"2006.03645","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":{"n":3,"n_ran":3,"n_unverified":0,"n_pointer_only":3}},{"url":"/paper/null-it-out-guarding-protected-attributes-by","title":"Null It Out: Guarding Protected Attributes by Iterative Nullspace Projection","date":"2020-04-16","arxiv_id":"2004.07667","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":{"n":2,"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":2,"n_pointer_only":0}},{"url":"/paper/imbalance-learning-for-variable-star","title":"Imbalance Learning for Variable Star Classification","date":"2020-02-27","arxiv_id":"2002.12386","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":{"n":4,"n_ran":3,"n_unverified":1,"n_pointer_only":4}},{"url":"/paper/unsupervised-multi-class-domain-adaptation","title":"Unsupervised Multi-Class Domain Adaptation: Theory, Algorithms, and Practice","date":"2020-02-20","arxiv_id":"2002.08681","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":{"n":7,"n_ran":2,"n_unverified":5,"n_pointer_only":0}},{"url":"/paper/amf-aggregated-mondrian-forests-for-online","title":"AMF: Aggregated Mondrian Forests for Online Learning","date":"2019-06-25","arxiv_id":"1906.10529","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/enhanced-network-embedding-with-text","title":"Enhanced Network Embedding with Text Information","date":"2018-11-29","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null},{"url":"/paper/machine-learning-methods-for-track","title":"Machine Learning Methods for Track Classification in the AT-TPC","date":"2018-10-21","arxiv_id":"1810.10350","repositories_listed":2,"syntology":null}],"syntology_records":8,"syntology_note":"a paper without a record is not a recorded non-run: it may lack an arXiv id or simply be absent from the graph layer"},"description_links":{"kept":0,"unwrapped_to_text":0,"bare_urls_linked":0,"relative_images_dropped":0,"rule":"internal links are kept only when the target slug exists in the catalog"},"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures ('ran N of M samples'); not a correctness claim and not a ranking signal.","status_vocabulary":{"ran_honours":"ran, honoured the contract we drafted","ran_violates":"ran, violated the contract we drafted","ran_draft_wrong":"ran; our contract draft was wrong, not the code","ran_fixture":"ran; our fixture could not drive it","ran":"ran on a synthesized input","unverified":"unverified (harvested, no recorded run)"}},"not_shown":{"libraries":"the archive has no per-task library table","trend_sparklines":"the Trend column of the benchmarks table was a rendered image; it is not in the archive","social_and_latest_sorts":"stars and social signals are not in the archive"}}