{"about":{"non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","site":"https://codewithpapers.app","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page","syntology":{"site":"https://syntology.ai","developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","mcp":{"server":"https://syntology.ai/mcp","transport":"streamable-http","server_card":"https://syntology.ai/.well-known/mcp/server-card.json","auth":{"type":"trial token, no account","trial_token":"https://syntology.ai/api/oauth/trial/token","method":"POST","docs":"https://syntology.ai/developers"}},"have":"https://syntology.ai/api/graph/have?x=<method, arXiv id or title> (free, answers coverage only)","paper_base":"https://syntology.ai/paper/","atlas_base":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus="},"machine_readable":[{"url":"https://codewithpapers.app/llms.txt","what":"the machine catalog: every machine-readable file, counted"},{"url":"https://codewithpapers.app/index/manifest.json","what":"paper-to-code index by arXiv id, with Syntology's counts"},{"url":"https://codewithpapers.app/search/manifest.json","what":"site search index (titles, authors) and its files"},{"url":"https://codewithpapers.app/download","what":"bulk files: Syntology's layer, described there"},{"url":"https://codewithpapers.app/build_manifest.json","what":"the build record: inputs, counts, exclusions, probes"}]},"url":"/task/lexical-simplification/papers/2","list_of":"/task/lexical-simplification","task":"Lexical Simplification","archive":{"snapshot":"2025-07-28"},"key_notes":{"n_ran_checked":"legacy name, kept unchanged so existing readers do not break: it counts the samples that ran with no instrument failure (honoured, violated, and ran with no contract checked); it does not mean a contract was checked, and the pages print it as 'K with no instrument failure', not 'K checked'","n_constructed":"a sub-count of the samples that ran, never subtracted from them and never a failure: an executed sample whose run returned an instance of its own class (fixture_out_type equals the entry name): the run built an object and did not compute a result (Syntology's RAN record, counts.constructed)"},"syntology_read_at":"2026-09-28T10:30:06+00:00","order":"archive","order_definition":"repositories listed in the archive (most first), then date (newest first), then slug","page":2,"pages_in_order":2,"rows_per_page":100,"rows":[101,147],"of":147,"counts":{"archive_papers_tagged":147,"with_a_code_link":20,"where_syntology_ran_a_sample":1,"not_listed_spam_title":0,"listed":147,"listed_where_code_ran":1,"where_syntology_ran_a_sample_split":{"with_a_run_with_no_instrument_failure":1,"every_run_a_failure_of_syntologys_instrument":0,"listed_with_a_run_with_no_instrument_failure":1,"listed_every_run_a_failure_of_syntologys_instrument":0,"filter":{"states":["a run with no instrument failure","any run, instrument failures included"],"default":"a run with no instrument failure","note":"on the 'only where code ran' pages the default hides, in the browser, the rows where every run was a failure of Syntology's instrument; the second state shows them again. Rows are hidden, never re-ordered; these twins list every row"}},"definition":"distinct papers the archive tags; 'where Syntology ran a sample' counts papers with at least one harvested sample that ran, which is not a correctness claim"},"first_page":"/task/lexical-simplification","prev":"/task/lexical-simplification","next":null,"papers":[{"url":null,"slug":"simple-ppdb-a-paraphrase-database-for","title":"Simple PPDB: A Paraphrase Database for Simplification","date":"2016-08-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"ai-ku-at-semeval-2016-task-11-word-embeddings","title":"AI-KU at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Word Embeddings and Substring Features for Complex Word Identification","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"amritacen-at-semeval-2016-task-11-complex","title":"AmritaCEN at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification using Word Embedding","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"coastalcph-at-semeval-2016-task-11-the","title":"CoastalCPH at SemEval-2016 Task 11: The importance of designing your Neural Networks right","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"garuda-bhasha-at-semeval-2016-task-11-complex","title":"Garuda \\& Bhasha at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification Using Aggregated Learning Models","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"hmc-at-semeval-2016-task-11-identifying","title":"HMC at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Identifying Complex Words Using Depth-limited Decision Trees","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"iiit-at-semeval-2016-task-11-complex-word","title":"IIIT at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification using Nearest Centroid Classification","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"inferring-psycholinguistic-properties-of","title":"Inferring Psycholinguistic Properties of Words","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"ju_nlp-at-semeval-2016-task-11-identifying","title":"JU\\_NLP at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Identifying Complex Words in a Sentence","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"ltg-at-semeval-2016-task-11-complex-word","title":"LTG at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification with Classifier Ensembles","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"macsaar-at-semeval-2016-task-11-zipfian-and","title":"MacSaar at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Zipfian and Character Features for ComplexWord Identification","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"maza-at-semeval-2016-task-11-detecting","title":"MAZA at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Detecting Lexical Complexity Using a Decision Stump Meta-Classifier","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"plujagh-at-semeval-2016-task-11-simple-system","title":"PLUJAGH at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Simple System for Complex Word Identification","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"pomona-at-semeval-2016-task-11-predicting","title":"Pomona at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Predicting Word Complexity Based on Corpus Frequency","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"semeval-2016-task-11-complex-word","title":"SemEval 2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"sv000gg-at-semeval-2016-task-11-heavy-gauge","title":"SV000gg at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Heavy Gauge Complex Word Identification with System Voting","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"taln-at-semeval-2016-task-11-modelling","title":"TALN at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Modelling Complex Words by Contextual, Lexical and Semantic Features","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"usaar-at-semeval-2016-task-11-complex-word","title":"USAAR at SemEval-2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification with Sense Entropy and Sentence Perplexity","date":"2016-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"benchmarking-lexical-simplification-systems","title":"Benchmarking Lexical Simplification Systems","date":"2016-05-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"cassaurus-a-resource-of-simpler-spanish","title":"CASSAurus: A Resource of Simpler Spanish Synonyms","date":"2016-05-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"evaluating-lexical-simplification-and","title":"Evaluating Lexical Simplification and Vocabulary Knowledge for Learners of French: Possibilities of Using the FLELex Resource","date":"2016-05-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"evaluation-dataset-and-system-for-japanese","title":"Evaluation Dataset and System for Japanese Lexical Simplification","date":"2015-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"lexenstein-a-framework-for-lexical","title":"LEXenstein: A Framework for Lexical Simplification","date":"2015-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"simplifying-lexical-simplification-do-we-need","title":"Simplifying Lexical Simplification: Do We Need Simplified Corpora?","date":"2015-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"reliable-lexical-simplification-for-non","title":"Reliable Lexical Simplification for Non-Native Speakers","date":"2015-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"cassa-a-context-aware-synonym-simplification","title":"CASSA: A Context-Aware Synonym Simplification Algorithm","date":"2015-05-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"noun-paraphrasing-based-on-a-variety-of","title":"Noun Paraphrasing Based on a Variety of Contexts","date":"2014-12-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"relative-clause-extraction-for-syntactic","title":"Relative clause extraction for syntactic simplification","date":"2014-08-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"learning-a-lexical-simplifier-using-wikipedia","title":"Learning a Lexical Simplifier Using Wikipedia","date":"2014-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"text-simplification-using-synchronous","title":"Text simplification using synchronous dependency grammars: Generalising automatically harvested rules","date":"2014-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"out-in-the-open-finding-and-categorising","title":"Out in the Open: Finding and Categorising Errors in the Lexical Simplification Pipeline","date":"2014-05-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"improving-readability-of-swedish-electronic","title":"Improving Readability of Swedish Electronic Health Records through Lexical Simplification: First Results","date":"2014-04-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"selecting-proper-lexical-paraphrase-for","title":"Selecting Proper Lexical Paraphrase for Children","date":"2013-10-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"a-comparison-of-techniques-to-automatically","title":"A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.","date":"2013-08-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"align-disambiguate-and-walk-a-unified","title":"Align, Disambiguate and Walk: A Unified Approach for Measuring Semantic Similarity","date":"2013-08-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"improving-text-simplification-language","title":"Improving Text Simplification Language Modeling Using Unsimplified Text Data","date":"2013-08-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"the-cw-corpus-a-new-resource-for-evaluating","title":"The CW Corpus: A New Resource for Evaluating the Identification of Complex Words","date":"2013-08-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"studying-frequency-based-approaches-to","title":"Studying frequency-based approaches to process lexical simplification (Approches \\`a base de fr\\'equences pour la simplification lexicale) [in French]","date":"2013-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"text-simplification-as-tree-transduction","title":"Text Simplification as Tree Transduction","date":"2013-01-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"can-spanish-be-simpler-lexsis-lexical","title":"Can Spanish Be Simpler? LexSiS: Lexical Simplification for Spanish","date":"2012-12-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"annlor-a-naive-notation-system-for-lexical","title":"ANNLOR: A Na\\\"\\ive Notation-system for Lexical Outputs Ranking","date":"2012-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"sb-mmsystem-using-decompositional-semantics","title":"SB: mmSystem - Using Decompositional Semantics for Lexical Simplification","date":"2012-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"semeval-2012-task-1-english-lexical","title":"SemEval-2012 Task 1: English Lexical Simplification","date":"2012-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"unt-simprank-systems-for-lexical","title":"UNT-SimpRank: Systems for Lexical Simplification Ranking","date":"2012-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"uow-shef-simplex-lexical-simplicity-ranking","title":"UOW-SHEF: SimpLex -- Lexical Simplicity Ranking based on Contextual and Psycholinguistic Features","date":"2012-07-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"building-readability-lexicons-with","title":"Building Readability Lexicons with Unannotated Corpora","date":"2012-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null},{"url":null,"slug":"towards-automatic-lexical-simplification-in","title":"Towards Automatic Lexical Simplification in Spanish: An Empirical Study","date":"2012-06-01","arxiv_id":null,"repositories_listed":0,"syntology":null}],"record_sha256":"5fcb020f6e42bbba66eec648b0b988f43af2f06f169d7339812f12a60b44d101","record_changed_at":"2026-09-28","record_changed_at_basis":"first_hashed"}