{"url":"/sota/question-answering-on-casehold","task":{"name":"Question Answering","url":"/task/question-answering","note":null},"dataset":{"name":"CaseHOLD","url":"/dataset/casehold"},"category":"Natural Language Processing","categories":["Miscellaneous","Natural Language Processing","Reasoning"],"category_note":null,"description":"Question answering can be segmented into domain-specific tasks like community question answering and knowledge-base question answering. Popular benchmark datasets for evaluation question answering systems include [SQuAD](/dataset/squad), [HotPotQA](/dataset/hotpotqa), [bAbI](/dataset/babi-1), [TriviaQA](/dataset/triviaqa), [WikiQA](/dataset/wikiqa), and many others. Models for question answering are typically evaluated on metrics like EM and F1. Some recent top performing models are T5 and XLNet.\r\n\r\n( Image credit: [SQuAD](https://rajpurkar.github.io/mlx/qa-and-squad/) )","description_from":"task","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","rank":"the archive's row order at snapshot; not re-ranked","rows_end_at":"2025-07-28","rows_withheld_as_spam":0,"metric_values":"the archive's strings, untouched"},"metrics":["Macro F1 (10-fold)"],"metric_direction":{"note":"inferred from the metric name only (the archive records no direction); null = not inferred, chart draws points only","by_metric":{"Macro F1 (10-fold)":"higher"}},"counts":{"rows":3,"rows_with_code":3,"rows_with_paper_page":3,"rows_dated":3,"rows_using_additional_data":0},"rows":[{"rank_in_archive_order":1,"model":"Custom Legal-BERT","metrics":{"Macro F1 (10-fold)":"69.5"},"uses_additional_data":false,"paper_date":"2021-04-18","paper":"/paper/when-does-pretraining-help-assessing-self","paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08671v3","paper_title":"When Does Pretraining Help? Assessing Self-Supervised Learning for Law and the CaseHOLD Dataset","code":"https://github.com/reglab/casehold","n_code_links":2,"syntology":{"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":9,"n_samples":9,"n_pointer_only_licence":0}},{"rank_in_archive_order":2,"model":"Legal-BERT","metrics":{"Macro F1 (10-fold)":"68.0"},"uses_additional_data":false,"paper_date":"2021-04-18","paper":"/paper/when-does-pretraining-help-assessing-self","paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08671v3","paper_title":"When Does Pretraining Help? Assessing Self-Supervised Learning for Law and the CaseHOLD Dataset","code":"https://github.com/reglab/casehold","n_code_links":2,"syntology":{"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":9,"n_samples":9,"n_pointer_only_licence":0}},{"rank_in_archive_order":3,"model":"BERT","metrics":{"Macro F1 (10-fold)":"61.3"},"uses_additional_data":false,"paper_date":"2021-04-18","paper":"/paper/when-does-pretraining-help-assessing-self","paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08671v3","paper_title":"When Does Pretraining Help? Assessing Self-Supervised Learning for Law and the CaseHOLD Dataset","code":"https://github.com/reglab/casehold","n_code_links":2,"syntology":{"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":9,"n_samples":9,"n_pointer_only_licence":0}}],"since_archive":{"present":false,"note":"No Syntology-extracted rows are published in this build."},"syntology":{"read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","claim":"Per row: N of M harvested code samples from that row's paper executed on a synthesized fixture; the other M-N are unverified. Not a reproduction of the row's number; not a correctness claim. n_pointer_only_licence counts samples the site points at rather than redistributes (a licence axis, independent of ran/unverified).","rows_with_graph_line":3,"rows_with_any_sample_ran":0,"distinct_papers_with_graph_line":1,"distinct_papers_with_any_sample_ran":0,"samples_over_distinct_papers":{"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":9,"n_samples":9,"n_pointer_only_licence":0,"note":"each paper (arXiv id) counted once, however many rows it is behind; this is the page-level figure"},"samples_row_weighted":{"n_ran":0,"n_unverified":27,"n_samples":27,"n_pointer_only_licence":0,"note":"row-weighted: a paper behind several rows is counted once per row; inflated relative to samples_over_distinct_papers by design, kept for readers summing the per-row syntology blocks"}}}