{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/your-fixed-watermark-is-fragile-towards","title":"Your Semantic-Independent Watermark is Fragile: A Semantic Perturbation Attack against EaaS Watermark","arxiv_id":"2411.09359","date":"2024-11-14","proceeding":null,"authors":["Zekun Fei","Biao Yi","Jianing Geng","Ruiqi He","Lihai Nie","Zheli Liu"],"abstract":"Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a successful business pattern but faces significant challenges related to various forms of copyright infringement, particularly, the API misuse and model extraction attacks. Various studies have proposed backdoor-based watermarking schemes to protect the copyright of EaaS services. In this paper, we reveal that previous watermarking schemes possess semantic-independent characteristics and propose the Semantic Perturbation Attack (SPA). Our theoretical and experimental analysis demonstrate that this semantic-independent nature makes current watermarking schemes vulnerable to adaptive attacks that exploit semantic perturbations tests to bypass watermark verification. Extensive experimental results across multiple datasets demonstrate that the True Positive Rate (TPR) for identifying watermarked samples under SPA can reach up to more than 95\\%, rendering watermarks ineffective while maintaining the high utility of embeddings. Furthermore, we discuss potential defense strategies to mitigate SPA. Our code is available at https://github.com/Zk4-ps/EaaS-Embedding-Watermark.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.09359v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.09359v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"your-fixed-watermark-is-fragile-towards","repo_url":"https://github.com/zk4-ps/eaas-embedding-watermark","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"model-extraction","task_name":"Model extraction"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"aware","method_name":"AWARE"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}