{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/why-is-it-hate-speech-masked-rationale-1","title":"Why Is It Hate Speech? Masked Rationale Prediction for Explainable Hate Speech Detection","arxiv_id":"2211.00243","date":"2022-11-01","proceeding":"COLING 2022 10","authors":["Jiyun Kim","Byounghan Lee","Kyung-Ah Sohn"],"abstract":"In a hate speech detection model, we should consider two critical aspects in addition to detection performance-bias and explainability. Hate speech cannot be identified based solely on the presence of specific words: the model should be able to reason like humans and be explainable. To improve the performance concerning the two aspects, we propose Masked Rationale Prediction (MRP) as an intermediate task. MRP is a task to predict the masked human rationales-snippets of a sentence that are grounds for human judgment-by referring to surrounding tokens combined with their unmasked rationales. As the model learns its reasoning ability based on rationales by MRP, it performs hate speech detection robustly in terms of bias and explainability. The proposed method generally achieves state-of-the-art performance in various metrics, demonstrating its effectiveness for hate speech detection.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.00243v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.00243v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"why-is-it-hate-speech-masked-rationale-1","repo_url":"https://github.com/alatteaday/mrp_hate-speech-detection","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"hate-speech-detection","task_name":"Hate Speech Detection"},{"task_slug":"sentence","task_name":"Sentence"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/hate-speech-detection-on-hatexplain","task":"Hate Speech Detection","dataset":"HateXplain","model":"BERT-MRP","rank_in_archive_order":1,"of":11,"metrics":{"AUROC":"0.862","Accuracy":"0.704","Macro F1":"0.699"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/hate-speech-detection-on-hatexplain","task":"Hate Speech Detection","dataset":"HateXplain","model":"BERT-RP","rank_in_archive_order":2,"of":11,"metrics":{"AUROC":"0.853","Accuracy":"0.707","Macro F1":"0.693"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2211.00243","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2211.00243"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/alatteaday/mrp_hate-speech-detection","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_fixture":1,"ran_draft_wrong":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":2,"ran":2,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":2,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"b223ca25ec91b1c6","entry":"get_dict_for_bias","repo":"alatteaday/mrp_hate-speech-detection","repo_kind":"official","path":"second_train.py","file_url":"https://github.com/alatteaday/mrp_hate-speech-detection/blob/HEAD/second_train.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b223ca25ec91b1c6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"71a15788da274a09","entry":"get_pred_cls","repo":"alatteaday/mrp_hate-speech-detection","repo_kind":"official","path":"second_train.py","file_url":"https://github.com/alatteaday/mrp_hate-speech-detection/blob/HEAD/second_train.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"71a15788da274a09"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}