{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/weakly-supervised-explainable-phrasal","title":"Weakly Supervised Explainable Phrasal Reasoning with Neural Fuzzy Logic","arxiv_id":"2109.08927","date":"2021-09-18","proceeding":null,"authors":["Zijun Wu","Zi Xuan Zhang","Atharva Naik","Zhijian Mei","Mauajama Firdaus","Lili Mou"],"abstract":"Natural language inference (NLI) aims to determine the logical relationship between two sentences, such as Entailment, Contradiction, and Neutral. In recent years, deep learning models have become a prevailing approach to NLI, but they lack interpretability and explainability. In this work, we address the explainability of NLI by weakly supervised logical reasoning, and propose an Explainable Phrasal Reasoning (EPR) approach. Our model first detects phrases as the semantic unit and aligns corresponding phrases in the two sentences. Then, the model predicts the NLI label for the aligned phrases, and induces the sentence label by fuzzy logic formulas. Our EPR is almost everywhere differentiable and thus the system can be trained end to end. In this way, we are able to provide explicit explanations of phrasal logical relationships in a weakly supervised manner. We further show that such reasoning results help textual explanation generation.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.08927v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.08927v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"weakly-supervised-explainable-phrasal","repo_url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"explanation-generation","task_name":"Explanation Generation"},{"task_slug":"logical-reasoning","task_name":"Logical Reasoning"},{"task_slug":"natural-language-inference","task_name":"Natural Language Inference"},{"task_slug":"sentence","task_name":"Sentence"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2109.08927","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2109.08927"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran":1,"ran_fixture":1,"ran_draft_wrong":1,"unverified":2},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":5,"ran":3,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":5,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"409dfd3a6e6eb9d0","entry":"InduceFunction","repo":"manga-uofa/epr","repo_kind":"official","path":"model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr/blob/HEAD/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"409dfd3a6e6eb9d0"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9942fd5b531ac7ea","entry":"compute","repo":"manga-uofa/epr","repo_kind":"official","path":"main_finetune_epr.py","file_url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr/blob/HEAD/main_finetune_epr.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9942fd5b531ac7ea"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c172850a020bdb46","entry":"insert_embedding_to_batch","repo":"manga-uofa/epr","repo_kind":"official","path":"main_finetune_epr.py","file_url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr/blob/HEAD/main_finetune_epr.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c172850a020bdb46"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3304c3d0ca1dd02b","entry":"get_data","repo":"manga-uofa/epr","repo_kind":"official","path":"explain_epr.py","file_url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr/blob/HEAD/explain_epr.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3304c3d0ca1dd02b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"7b4ffc6d50e7d014","entry":"load_checkpoint","repo":"manga-uofa/epr","repo_kind":"official","path":"main_finetune_epr.py","file_url":"https://github.com/manga-uofa/epr/blob/HEAD/main_finetune_epr.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"7b4ffc6d50e7d014"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}