{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/waterfall-atrous-spatial-pooling-architecture","title":"Waterfall Atrous Spatial Pooling Architecture for Efficient Semantic Segmentation","arxiv_id":"1912.03183","date":"2019-12-06","proceeding":null,"authors":["Bruno Artacho","Andreas Savakis"],"abstract":"We propose a new efficient architecture for semantic segmentation, based on a \"Waterfall\" Atrous Spatial Pooling architecture, that achieves a considerable accuracy increase while decreasing the number of network parameters and memory footprint. The proposed Waterfall architecture leverages the efficiency of progressive filtering in the cascade architecture while maintaining multiscale fields-of-view comparable to spatial pyramid configurations. Additionally, our method does not rely on a postprocessing stage with Conditional Random Fields, which further reduces complexity and required training time. We demonstrate that the Waterfall approach with a ResNet backbone is a robust and efficient architecture for semantic segmentation obtaining state-of-the-art results with significant reduction in the number of parameters for the Pascal VOC dataset and the Cityscapes dataset.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03183v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03183v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"waterfall-atrous-spatial-pooling-architecture","repo_url":"https://github.com/bmartacho/WASP","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"segmentation","task_name":"Segmentation"},{"task_slug":"semantic-segmentation","task_name":"Semantic Segmentation"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"1x1-convolution","method_name":"1x1 Convolution"},{"method_slug":"average-pooling","method_name":"Average Pooling"},{"method_slug":"batch-normalization","method_name":"Batch Normalization"},{"method_slug":"bottleneck-residual-block","method_name":"Bottleneck Residual Block"},{"method_slug":"convolution","method_name":"Convolution"},{"method_slug":"global-average-pooling","method_name":"Global Average Pooling"},{"method_slug":"kaiming-initialization","method_name":"Kaiming Initialization"},{"method_slug":"max-pooling","method_name":"Max Pooling"},{"method_slug":"relu","method_name":"ReLU"},{"method_slug":"residual-block","method_name":"Residual Block"},{"method_slug":"residual-connection","method_name":"Residual Connection"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/semantic-segmentation-on-cityscapes","task":"Semantic Segmentation","dataset":"Cityscapes test","model":"WASPnet (ours)","rank_in_archive_order":81,"of":105,"metrics":{"Mean IoU (class)":"70.5%"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/semantic-segmentation-on-cityscapes-val","task":"Semantic Segmentation","dataset":"Cityscapes val","model":"WASPnet (ours)","rank_in_archive_order":78,"of":99,"metrics":{"mIoU":"74%"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/semantic-segmentation-on-pascal-voc-2012","task":"Semantic Segmentation","dataset":"PASCAL VOC 2012 test","model":"WASPnet-CRF (ours)","rank_in_archive_order":32,"of":51,"metrics":{"Mean IoU":"79.6%"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/semantic-segmentation-on-pascal-voc-2012-val","task":"Semantic Segmentation","dataset":"PASCAL VOC 2012 val","model":"WASPnet-CRF (ours)","rank_in_archive_order":11,"of":29,"metrics":{"mIoU":"80.41%"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}