{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/wanet-imperceptible-warping-based-backdoor-1","title":"WaNet -- Imperceptible Warping-based Backdoor Attack","arxiv_id":"2102.10369","date":"2021-02-20","proceeding":null,"authors":["Anh Nguyen","Anh Tran"],"abstract":"With the thriving of deep learning and the widespread practice of using pre-trained networks, backdoor attacks have become an increasing security threat drawing many research interests in recent years. A third-party model can be poisoned in training to work well in normal conditions but behave maliciously when a trigger pattern appears. However, the existing backdoor attacks are all built on noise perturbation triggers, making them noticeable to humans. In this paper, we instead propose using warping-based triggers. The proposed backdoor outperforms the previous methods in a human inspection test by a wide margin, proving its stealthiness. To make such models undetectable by machine defenders, we propose a novel training mode, called the ``noise mode. The trained networks successfully attack and bypass the state-of-the-art defense methods on standard classification datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10, GTSRB, and CelebA. Behavior analyses show that our backdoors are transparent to network inspection, further proving this novel attack mechanism's efficiency.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.10369v4","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.10369v4.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"wanet-imperceptible-warping-based-backdoor-1","repo_url":"https://github.com/VinAIResearch/Warping-based_Backdoor_Attack-release","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"backdoor-attack","task_name":"Backdoor Attack"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2102.10369","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2102.10369","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2102.10369"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/VinAIResearch/Warping-based_Backdoor_Attack-release","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran":2},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":2,"ran":2,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":2,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"c76929a117c6f967","entry":"MNISTBlock","repo":"VinAIResearch/Warping-based_Backdoor_Attack-release","repo_kind":"official","path":"networks/models.py","file_url":"https://github.com/VinAIResearch/Warping-based_Backdoor_Attack-release/blob/HEAD/networks/models.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"AGPL-3.0","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c76929a117c6f967"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"35d72c9303a66658","entry":"NetC_MNIST","repo":"VinAIResearch/Warping-based_Backdoor_Attack-release","repo_kind":"official","path":"networks/models.py","file_url":"https://github.com/VinAIResearch/Warping-based_Backdoor_Attack-release/blob/HEAD/networks/models.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"AGPL-3.0","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"35d72c9303a66658"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}