{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/w-trace-robust-and-effective-watermarking-for","title":"W-Trace: Robust and Effective Watermarking for GPS Trajectories","arxiv_id":"2211.08116","date":"2022-11-15","proceeding":null,"authors":["Rajjat Dadwal","Thorben Funke","Michael Nüsken","Elena Demidova"],"abstract":"With the rise of data-driven methods for traffic forecasting, accident prediction, and profiling driving behavior, personal GPS trajectory data has become an essential asset for businesses and emerging data markets. However, as personal data, GPS trajectories require protection. Especially by data breaches, verification of GPS data ownership is a challenging problem. Watermarking facilitates data ownership verification by encoding provenance information into the data. GPS trajectory watermarking is particularly challenging due to the spatio-temporal data properties and easiness of data modification; as a result, existing methods embed only minimal provenance information and lack robustness. In this paper, we propose W-Trace - a novel GPS trajectory watermarking method based on Fourier transformation. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of W-Trace on two real-world GPS trajectory datasets.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.08116v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.08116v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"w-trace-robust-and-effective-watermarking-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/rajjat/watermarkingtrajectory","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}