{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/visual-word-embedding-for-text-classification","title":"Visual Word Embedding for Text Classification","arxiv_id":null,"date":"2021-02-25","proceeding":null,"authors":["Ignazio Gallo","Shah Nawaz","Nicola Landro","Riccardo La Grassa"],"abstract":"The question we answer with this paper is: ‘can we convert a text document into an image to take advantage of image neural models to classify text documents?’ To answer this question we present a novel text classification method that converts a document into an encoded image, using word embedding. The proposed approach computes the Word2Vec word embedding of a text document, quantizes the embedding, and arranges it into a 2D visual representation, as an RGB image. Finally, visual embedding is categorized with state-of-the-art image classification models. We achieved competitive performance on well-known benchmark text classification datasets. In addition, we evaluated our proposed approach in a multimodal setting that allows text and image information in the same feature space.","url_abs":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-68780-9_29","url_pdf":"http://artelab.dista.uninsubria.it/res/research/papers/2021/2021_ICPR_W_Gallo_Visual.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"visual-word-embedding-for-text-classification","repo_url":"https://gitlab.com/nicolalandro/visual_word_embeddings","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"tf","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"classification-1","task_name":"Classification"},{"task_slug":"classification","task_name":"General Classification"},{"task_slug":"image-classification","task_name":"Image Classification"},{"task_slug":"text-classification","task_name":"Text Classification"},{"task_slug":"image-classification","task_name":"image-classification"},{"task_slug":"text-classification-1","task_name":"text-classification"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}