{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/using-cyclegans-to-generate-realistic-stem","title":"Leveraging generative adversarial networks to create realistic scanning transmission electron microscopy images","arxiv_id":"2301.07743","date":"2023-01-18","proceeding":null,"authors":["Abid Khan","Chia-Hao Lee","Pinshane Y. Huang","Bryan K. Clark"],"abstract":"The rise of automation and machine learning (ML) in electron microscopy has the potential to revolutionize materials research through autonomous data collection and processing. A significant challenge lies in developing ML models that rapidly generalize to large data sets under varying experimental conditions. We address this by employing a cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) with a reciprocal space discriminator, which augments simulated data with realistic spatial frequency information. This allows the CycleGAN to generate images nearly indistinguishable from real data and provide labels for ML applications. We showcase our approach by training a fully convolutional network (FCN) to identify single atom defects in a 4.5 million atom data set, collected using automated acquisition in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Our method produces adaptable FCNs that can adjust to dynamically changing experimental variables with minimal intervention, marking a crucial step towards fully autonomous harnessing of microscopy big data.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07743v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.07743v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"using-cyclegans-to-generate-realistic-stem","repo_url":"https://github.com/ClarkResearchGroup/stem-learning","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"tf","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":null,"task_name":"Generative Adversarial Network"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"batch-normalization","method_name":"Batch Normalization"},{"method_slug":"convolution","method_name":"Convolution"},{"method_slug":"cycle-consistency-loss","method_name":"Cycle Consistency Loss"},{"method_slug":"gan-least-squares-loss","method_name":"GAN Least Squares Loss"},{"method_slug":"instance-normalization","method_name":"Instance Normalization"},{"method_slug":"patchgan","method_name":"PatchGAN"},{"method_slug":"relu","method_name":"ReLU"},{"method_slug":"residual-block","method_name":"Residual Block"},{"method_slug":"residual-connection","method_name":"Residual Connection"},{"method_slug":"sigmoid-activation","method_name":"Sigmoid Activation"},{"method_slug":"tanh-activation","method_name":"Tanh Activation"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2301.07743","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2301.07743","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}