{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/unveil-sleep-spindles-with-concentration-of","title":"Unveil Sleep Spindles with Concentration of Frequency and Time","arxiv_id":"2310.18381","date":"2023-10-27","proceeding":null,"authors":["Riki Shimizu","Hau-Tieng Wu"],"abstract":"Objective: Sleep spindles contain crucial brain dynamics information. We introduce the novel non-linear time-frequency analysis tool 'Concentration of Frequency and Time' (ConceFT) to create an interpretable automated algorithm for sleep spindle annotation in EEG data and to measure spindle instantaneous frequencies (IFs). Methods: ConceFT effectively reduces stochastic EEG influence, enhancing spindle visibility in the time-frequency representation. Our automated spindle detection algorithm, ConceFT-Spindle (ConceFT-S), is compared to A7 (non-deep learning) and SUMO (deep learning) using Dream and MASS benchmark databases. We also quantify spindle IF dynamics. Results: ConceFT-S achieves F1 scores of 0.749 in Dream and 0.786 in MASS, which is equivalent to or surpass A7 and SUMO with statistical significance. We reveal that spindle IF is generally nonlinear. Conclusion: ConceFT offers an accurate, interpretable EEG-based sleep spindle detection algorithm and enables spindle IF quantification.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.18381v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.18381v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"unveil-sleep-spindles-with-concentration-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/rsbci/conceft-spindle","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"deep-learning","task_name":"Deep Learning"},{"task_slug":"eeg-1","task_name":"EEG"},{"task_slug":"spindle-detection","task_name":"Spindle Detection"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}