{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/unsupervised-detection-of-contextualized","title":"Unsupervised Detection of Contextualized Embedding Bias with Application to Ideology","arxiv_id":"2212.07547","date":"2022-12-14","proceeding":null,"authors":["Valentin Hofmann","Janet B. Pierrehumbert","Hinrich Schütze"],"abstract":"We propose a fully unsupervised method to detect bias in contextualized embeddings. The method leverages the assortative information latently encoded by social networks and combines orthogonality regularization, structured sparsity learning, and graph neural networks to find the embedding subspace capturing this information. As a concrete example, we focus on the phenomenon of ideological bias: we introduce the concept of an ideological subspace, show how it can be found by applying our method to online discussion forums, and present techniques to probe it. Our experiments suggest that the ideological subspace encodes abstract evaluative semantics and reflects changes in the political left-right spectrum during the presidency of Donald Trump.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07547v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.07547v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"unsupervised-detection-of-contextualized","repo_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2212.07547","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2212.07547"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran":3,"ran_draft_wrong":6,"unverified":4},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":13,"ran":9,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":13,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"d67d1a90ddacdcf0","entry":"GCNEncoder","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d67d1a90ddacdcf0"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2849f74051602e70","entry":"MyGAE","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2849f74051602e70"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"519fd30f519e63fb","entry":"SubspaceGAE","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"519fd30f519e63fb"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ad7e2bcbc24aa8f3","entry":"_newton_raphson","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ad7e2bcbc24aa8f3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0f2037b0326b0789","entry":"_newton_raphson_step","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0f2037b0326b0789"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"054b8e15f20a675e","entry":"gcn_groups","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"054b8e15f20a675e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3245892965771bd6","entry":"prox_l2_weighted","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3245892965771bd6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a63802d01ade92b2","entry":"prox_mcp_l2_weighted","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a63802d01ade92b2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"066c33ae01e74767","entry":"row_groups_fn","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"066c33ae01e74767"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2e4e86b013cd4bc2","entry":"AdamW","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2e4e86b013cd4bc2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"082aae90f7925ea2","entry":"SparseSubspaceGAE","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"082aae90f7925ea2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"42dbc473f408d70d","entry":"prox_group_mcp_weighted","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"42dbc473f408d70d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"36e7292946168a95","entry":"prox_l1_l2_weighted","repo":"valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/model/model.py","file_url":"https://github.com/valentinhofmann/unsupervised_bias/blob/HEAD/src/model/model.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"36e7292946168a95"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}