{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/uncertainty-aware-natural-language-inference","title":"Uncertainty-Aware Natural Language Inference with Stochastic Weight Averaging","arxiv_id":"2304.04726","date":"2023-04-10","proceeding":null,"authors":["Aarne Talman","Hande Celikkanat","Sami Virpioja","Markus Heinonen","Jörg Tiedemann"],"abstract":"This paper introduces Bayesian uncertainty modeling using Stochastic Weight Averaging-Gaussian (SWAG) in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. We apply the approach to standard tasks in natural language inference (NLI) and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in terms of prediction accuracy and correlation with human annotation disagreements. We argue that the uncertainty representations in SWAG better reflect subjective interpretation and the natural variation that is also present in human language understanding. The results reveal the importance of uncertainty modeling, an often neglected aspect of neural language modeling, in NLU tasks.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.04726v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.04726v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"uncertainty-aware-natural-language-inference","repo_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"language-modeling","task_name":"Language Modeling"},{"task_slug":"natural-language-inference","task_name":"Natural Language Inference"},{"task_slug":"natural-language-understanding","task_name":"Natural Language Understanding"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2304.04726","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.04726"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"unverified":6},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":6,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"00e47dc104b1a316","entry":"eval","repo":"helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","repo_kind":"official","path":"swag_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli/blob/HEAD/swag_utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"00e47dc104b1a316"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"d646c1bbd5b1a072","entry":"get_model","repo":"helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","repo_kind":"official","path":"models.py","file_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli/blob/HEAD/models.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d646c1bbd5b1a072"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"12d882f7ffeefdbb","entry":"get_model_specs","repo":"helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","repo_kind":"official","path":"models.py","file_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli/blob/HEAD/models.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"12d882f7ffeefdbb"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"7c7715b5e7bc0fd7","entry":"get_nli_dataset","repo":"helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","repo_kind":"official","path":"data.py","file_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli/blob/HEAD/data.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"7c7715b5e7bc0fd7"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"75743d56a744d398","entry":"predict","repo":"helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","repo_kind":"official","path":"swag_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli/blob/HEAD/swag_utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"75743d56a744d398"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1f5fe87bf24652cb","entry":"train_epoch","repo":"helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli","repo_kind":"official","path":"swag_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/helsinki-nlp/uncertainty-aware-nli/blob/HEAD/swag_utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1f5fe87bf24652cb"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}